Unit 3 Vocab AP World History

Absolutism

Type of government stressing divine right and total control by a king

Clergy

Ordained indivials, such as priests or ministers, who are official official leaders within a religion and are responsible for performing religious services, teaching the faith, and providing spiritual guidance to a community of believers

Conciliarism

A movement to reform the church by stating power resided in a universal council of bishops and other church authorities which eroded the power of the pope

Consolidate

Authority and power brought under a single ruler or governing body

Counter Reformation

The Catholic Church's reform and revival moment in the 16th and 17th centuries, enacted in response to the Protestant Reformation

Daimyo

A powerful noble in early modern Japan

Devshirme

The Ottoman Empire's practice from the 14th to the 18th century of conscripting Christian boys, primarily from the Balkans, to convert to Islam and serve the state as elite soldiers (like the Janissaries) or administrators

Divine Right

The idea pushing Absolutism, which says God chose a specific king to rule

Gunpowder Empires

The Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires which relied heavily on gunpowder and firearms

Gutenberg Printing Press

Allowed books to be printed instead of hand written and increased literacy

Henry VIII

King of England who created the Anglican Church so he could get a divorce from his wife and find another women who could provide him with an heir

Humanism

An intellectual and cultural movement that emphasized the study of classical literature, art, and philosophy, as well as focus on individual human potential, critical thinking, and revival of classical ideals

Indulgences

A remission or reduction of the temporal(worldly or in life rather than death) punishment that a person might face for their sins

Istanbul

The new name given to Constantinople when the Ottoman Empire conquered it

Janissaries

An elite core of eight thousand troops personally loyal to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Jizya

Tax levied by Islamic states on certain non-Muslim subjects (dhimmis) who were permanently residing in Muslim lands under Islamic law

Land-Based Empire

A vast, territorial political entity that expands and maintains power through land conquests and the administration of mainland territories, rather than through maritime economy

Legitimize

To establish the perception that ones authority is right, acceptable, and valid in the eyes of others, thereby making it seem rightful to rule or exercise control

Manchus

Ethnic minority in China and people whom Manchuria derives its name

Martin Luther

German monk who began Protestant Reformation with his written wok, 95 Theses

Mehmed II

Ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1451 who wanted to capture Constantinople and topple the Byzantine Empire

Monumental Architecture

Refers to the building of monuments which are usually public spaces and are so grand and elaborate that they far exceed any practical purpose. These types of grand architectural feats showcase the power and wealth of a ruler

Mughal Empire

Muslim empire ruling India from the 16th to the 18th centuries

Ninety-five Theses

The list of grievances written by Martin Luther, which began the Reformation

Ottoman Empire

Turkish empire in the Middle East and North Africa from 1453-1918

Protestant Reformation

Religious movement when people broke away from the Catholic Church

Qing Empire

Chinese dynasty lasting from 1501-1722

Safavid Empire

Muslim empire in Persia from 1501-1722

Shia

One of the two major Muslim sects; believe that descendants of Muhammad’s daughter and son-in law, Ali, are the true Muslim leaders

Sikhism

Developed from Hinduism and may have been influenced by the Islamic mysticism known as Sufism

Simony

The ability to purchase positions or privileges within the church

Suleiman the Magnificent

Tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Sunni

One of the two major branches of Islam; representing the majority of Muslim’s worldwide, and signifies followers who believe in the leadership succesion following the prophet Muhammad’s death through Abu Bakr, upholding the “Sunnah” or traditional practices based on the prophets teachings and actions as the primary source of Islamic law

Tamerlane

Timur the lame, a Mongol Turkic ruler who invaded Central Asia and the Middle East setting the stage for the rise of the Turkic Empires