NERVOUS SYSTEM (FUNCTIONS AND CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM), LECTURE EXAM)

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8 Terms

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nervous system

controls and coordinates every activity in the body. It is responsible for sensing changes, processing information, and producing responses

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Nervous System

Main Functions:

  1. Receiving sensory input – Sensory receptors detect internal and external changes (e.g., light, sound, touch, temperature, pressure).

  2. Integrating information – The brain and spinal cord process sensory input and decide how to respond.

  3. Controlling muscles and glands – Skeletal muscles contract only when stimulated by the nervous system; glands secrete hormones or other substances as a response.

  4. Maintaining homeostasis – Constantly regulates body conditions (temperature, pH, etc.).

  5. Establishing and maintaining mental activity – The brain enables consciousness, thought, memory, and emotion.

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Glial Cells

Neuroglia)

  • Function: Support, nourish, and protect neurons (do not conduct impulses)

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Astrocytes

Major supporting cells in the CNS; maintain the blood-brain barrier

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Ependymal cells

Line ventricles and spinal canal; produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

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Microglia

immune defense cells; remove dead tissue and pathogens

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Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Form myelin sheath around axons in the CNS.

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Schwann cells (PNS)

Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system