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Plessy v. Ferguson
Segregation is separate but equal
Brown v. Board of Edu-cation
Desegregation in schools; overturned plessy v. Ferguson
Schenck v. US
Freedom of speech is limited during war; clear and present danger test
Tinker v. Des Moines
Student could protest Vietnam with armbands
Engel v. Vitale
School prayer unconstitutional
Gideon v. Wainwright
If too poor for an attorney, one will be appointed for you
Escobedo v. Illinois
Right to an attorney when questioned
Miranda v. Arizona
Told your rights when arrested
Mapp v. Ohio
No illegal search and seizure; right to privacy
New Jersey v. TLO
Police need probable cause to search, but schools only need reasonable
suspicion
Veronia school district v.Acton
Schools can randomly drug test student athletes
Schechter poultry corp v. US
Separation of powers; NIRA unconstitutional
Korematsu v. US
Internment of Japanese- Americans during ww2 was okay
Roe v. Wade
Abortion legal
Univ of California re-gents v. Bakke
Afrmative action (ability to pick minorities to enroll/hire over whites) legal
US v. Nixon
President is not above the law
Civil war
1861-1865
Reconstruction
1865-1900
Industrialization/urban-ization
1860s-1914
Westward expansion
1860s-1914
Populism
1877-1900
Progressive era
1890-1917
Imperialism
1890-1914
World war I
1914-1918
Jazz age
1920s
Great depression
1930s
World war ii
1940-1945
Cold war
1945-1990
Korean war
1950
Civil rights movement
1950s-1960s
Vietnam war
1965-1970
Persian gulf war
1990s
War on terror
2001-present
1st amendment
Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and right to petition
4th amendment
Search and seizure (warrants and privacy)
5th amendment
Eminent domain and self incrimination
6th amendment
Rights of accused( speedy and public trial, impartial jury)
8th amendment
Cruel and unusual punishment (excessive bail/fnes)
10th amendment
Rights of the states
13th amendment
Abolished slavery
14th amendment
Rights of citizens(equal protection)
15th amendment
African american male suffrage
16th amendment
Graduated federal income tax
17th amendment
Direct election of senators
18th amendment
Prohibition of alcohol
19th amendment
Women's suffrage
21st amendment
Repeal of prohibition
22nd amendment
Presidential term limit
24th amendment
Eliminates poll taxes
25th amendment
Presidential succession
26th amendment
Lowered voting age to 18
Homestead act(1862)
Law that provided 160 acres to anyone willing to settle land in the west
Reservations
Specific areas set aside by the government for native Americans to live on
Dawes General Allot-ment Act(1887)
US law that attempted to assimilate Indians by giving them individual plots of land(160 acres per family)
Sitting Bull
Famed fighter, trained holy man, first ever chief of the seven bands
Battle of the Little big horn
Led by Crazy Horse, Custer and all of his men were killed
Chief Joseph
Led a group of refugees to Canada 1300 miles
Battle of Wounded Knee
US soldiers massacred 300 unarmed native Americans in 1890; ended the Indian wars
Assimilate
To be absorbed into the main culture of a society
Gilded age
A time of growth but also corruption and poverty
Andrew Carnegie
Controlled most of the steel industry
John d. Rockefeller
Owned standard oil( a trust)
Monopolies
One company controls an entire industry
Trusts
Small companies join together to form one large company
Laissez-faire
The idea that government should not interfere with business; "hands
off"
Social Darwinism
The belief that the rich succeed because they are superior to the poor;
survival of the fittest
Sherman antitrust act
Outlawed business monopolies, but was not very effective
Robber barons
Business leaders built fortunes by stealing from public; negative
Captains of industry
Business leaders served in a positive way
Result of railroad corruption
Government finally becomes involved in regulating business
ICC
Interstate commerce commission; regulated railroads/travel between states
Labor unions
Organizations that protected the interests of the worker
Knights of Labor
Open to all; led by Terrence powderly; grew rapidly but declined after
Hay market square riot
American Federation of Labor
Skilled workers only; led by Samuel Gompers
Industrialization
The rise of a manufacturing economy and decline of an agriculture economy
Bessemer process
Allowed for mass production of steel
Urbanization
The large growth of cities, often leading to many problems
Jane Addams
Founder of Hull House
Settlement houses
Community centers that helped immigrants address the problems of horrible living conditions, disease, illiteracy, and unemployment
Tenements
Apartments built in city slums to house large numbers of people
Rural
Country
Urban
City
Push factors
Negative factors that pushed people to leave
Pull factors
Positive factors that pulled people to an area
Old immigrants
Immigrants before 1890;northern and western Europe
New immigrants
Immigrants after 1890;southern and eastern Europe
Asian immigrants
Attracted to west coast
Ellis island
New York processing center
Angel island
San Francisco processing center
Social gospel movement
Idea that the needs of immigrants and poor should be addressed by churches
Farmers alliance
Farmers in Texas in 1870 began to organize as a group for lower prices for supplies
Poll taxes
People had to pay to vote
Literacy tests
Voters had to read passages in order to vote
Grandfather clause
Ancestors had to have voted prior to 1866
De jure
Segregation by law
De facto
Segregation by tradition
Booker T Washington
Called for blacks to "pull themselves up by their bootstraps"
W. E. B. Du Bois
Criticized Booker t. Washington's ideas; cofounded NAACP
Ida B. Wells
Fought to end lynching
Susan B. Anthony
Early women's suffragist