State test review

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296 Terms

1
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Plessy v. Ferguson

Segregation is separate but equal

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Brown v. Board of Edu-cation

Desegregation in schools; overturned plessy v. Ferguson

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Schenck v. US

Freedom of speech is limited during war; clear and present danger test

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Tinker v. Des Moines

Student could protest Vietnam with armbands

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Engel v. Vitale

School prayer unconstitutional

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Gideon v. Wainwright

If too poor for an attorney, one will be appointed for you

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Escobedo v. Illinois

Right to an attorney when questioned

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Miranda v. Arizona

Told your rights when arrested

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Mapp v. Ohio

No illegal search and seizure; right to privacy

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New Jersey v. TLO

Police need probable cause to search, but schools only need reasonable

suspicion

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Veronia school district v.Acton

Schools can randomly drug test student athletes

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Schechter poultry corp v. US

Separation of powers; NIRA unconstitutional

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Korematsu v. US

Internment of Japanese- Americans during ww2 was okay

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Roe v. Wade

Abortion legal

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Univ of California re-gents v. Bakke

Afrmative action (ability to pick minorities to enroll/hire over whites) legal

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US v. Nixon

President is not above the law

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Civil war

1861-1865

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Reconstruction

1865-1900

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Industrialization/urban-ization

1860s-1914

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Westward expansion

1860s-1914

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Populism

1877-1900

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Progressive era

1890-1917

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Imperialism

1890-1914

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World war I

1914-1918

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Jazz age

1920s

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Great depression

1930s

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World war ii

1940-1945

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Cold war

1945-1990

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Korean war

1950

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Civil rights movement

1950s-1960s

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Vietnam war

1965-1970

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Persian gulf war

1990s

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War on terror

2001-present

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1st amendment

Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and right to petition

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4th amendment

Search and seizure (warrants and privacy)

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5th amendment

Eminent domain and self incrimination

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6th amendment

Rights of accused( speedy and public trial, impartial jury)

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8th amendment

Cruel and unusual punishment (excessive bail/fnes)

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10th amendment

Rights of the states

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13th amendment

Abolished slavery

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14th amendment

Rights of citizens(equal protection)

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15th amendment

African american male suffrage

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16th amendment

Graduated federal income tax

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17th amendment

Direct election of senators

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18th amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

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19th amendment

Women's suffrage

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21st amendment

Repeal of prohibition

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22nd amendment

Presidential term limit

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24th amendment

Eliminates poll taxes

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25th amendment

Presidential succession

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26th amendment

Lowered voting age to 18

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Homestead act(1862)

Law that provided 160 acres to anyone willing to settle land in the west

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Reservations

Specific areas set aside by the government for native Americans to live on

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Dawes General Allot-ment Act(1887)

US law that attempted to assimilate Indians by giving them individual plots of land(160 acres per family)

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Sitting Bull

Famed fighter, trained holy man, first ever chief of the seven bands

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Battle of the Little big horn

Led by Crazy Horse, Custer and all of his men were killed

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Chief Joseph

Led a group of refugees to Canada 1300 miles

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Battle of Wounded Knee

US soldiers massacred 300 unarmed native Americans in 1890; ended the Indian wars

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Assimilate

To be absorbed into the main culture of a society

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Gilded age

A time of growth but also corruption and poverty

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Andrew Carnegie

Controlled most of the steel industry

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John d. Rockefeller

Owned standard oil( a trust)

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Monopolies

One company controls an entire industry

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Trusts

Small companies join together to form one large company

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Laissez-faire

The idea that government should not interfere with business; "hands

off"

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Social Darwinism

The belief that the rich succeed because they are superior to the poor;

survival of the fittest

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Sherman antitrust act

Outlawed business monopolies, but was not very effective

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Robber barons

Business leaders built fortunes by stealing from public; negative

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Captains of industry

Business leaders served in a positive way

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Result of railroad corruption

Government finally becomes involved in regulating business

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ICC

Interstate commerce commission; regulated railroads/travel between states

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Labor unions

Organizations that protected the interests of the worker

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Knights of Labor

Open to all; led by Terrence powderly; grew rapidly but declined after

Hay market square riot

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American Federation of Labor

Skilled workers only; led by Samuel Gompers

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Industrialization

The rise of a manufacturing economy and decline of an agriculture economy

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Bessemer process

Allowed for mass production of steel

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Urbanization

The large growth of cities, often leading to many problems

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Jane Addams

Founder of Hull House

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Settlement houses

Community centers that helped immigrants address the problems of horrible living conditions, disease, illiteracy, and unemployment

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Tenements

Apartments built in city slums to house large numbers of people

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Rural

Country

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Urban

City

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Push factors

Negative factors that pushed people to leave

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Pull factors

Positive factors that pulled people to an area

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Old immigrants

Immigrants before 1890;northern and western Europe

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New immigrants

Immigrants after 1890;southern and eastern Europe

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Asian immigrants

Attracted to west coast

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Ellis island

New York processing center

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Angel island

San Francisco processing center

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Social gospel movement

Idea that the needs of immigrants and poor should be addressed by churches

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Farmers alliance

Farmers in Texas in 1870 began to organize as a group for lower prices for supplies

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Poll taxes

People had to pay to vote

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Literacy tests

Voters had to read passages in order to vote

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Grandfather clause

Ancestors had to have voted prior to 1866

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De jure

Segregation by law

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De facto

Segregation by tradition

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Booker T Washington

Called for blacks to "pull themselves up by their bootstraps"

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W. E. B. Du Bois

Criticized Booker t. Washington's ideas; cofounded NAACP

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Ida B. Wells

Fought to end lynching

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Susan B. Anthony

Early women's suffragist