CPCE Exam 2025

Content Validity

reflection of the subject matter in the content of the test

Other terms for content validity

rational or logical validity

Concurrent Validity

a method for evaluating how well a new assessment correlates with an established assessment.

How many steps are there in the problem solving models for ethical dilemmas

9

who created the problem solving model for ethical dilemmas

Koocher and Kieth-Spiegel

9 steps of ethical dilemma problem solving

1. determine problem

2. review ethical guidelines/past solutions

3. pursue impact of other sources on the decisions that should be made

4. consult with professional

5. assess human rights and consider possible consequences

6. create multiple solutions

7. evaluate each solutions consequences

8. make a decision

9. follow through

Deontological view of ethics founder

Kant

foundational philosophy of ethics by Kant

the golden rule: do to others as you want them to do to you

Tarasoff v u of cali '76

u of cali therapist's client killed tarasoff and therapist knew the client would but didn't report bc old confidentiality rules

Most basic single system design

A-B design

What is an A-B design

baseline= A(no intervention) Intervention phase= B (with data collection continuously)

Advantages of A-B design

versatile, adaptable, clear comparative info

Disadvantage of A-B deisgn

causation cannot be demonstrated

4 steps of the research process

1. definition of problem/lit review

2.hypothesis

3.operationalization of terms

4. select study design

3 common study design used in research process

exploratory, descriptive survey, experimental

exploratory study design

when little is known about the problem, flexible, descriptions of observations, conclusions are educated guesses or hypotheses

descriptive survey

variables have already been studied, investigator chooses sample, variables are controlled by situation and investigator, cannot establish causality but can try to support with evidence

experimental study

highly controlled, IV manipulated to see DV effect

what is a population in a study

total set of subjects measured by researcher

what is correlation

strength of relationship between two variables

what is a correlation coefficient

number assigned to correlation of two variables

what is a perfect correlation

r= 1.0

decimals moving away from 1.0 indicate what in a correlation coefficient

lesser correlation

positive correlation

values increase/decrease together

negative correlation

values move opposite of each other

Freud's four unconscious elements that influence behaviors

covert desires, defense mechanisms, dreams, wishes

Erickson Developmental Stage 6-11

industry v inferiority

erickson's industry v inferiority

mastering objects, self, social interaction, ideas, concept or becoming incompetent or a conformist

Empty Organism Concept (Skinner)

An infant has the capacity for action built into their physical makeup. Reflexes and motivation will set this capacity in random motion.

Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB)

11 subtests, for rhythm, visual function, writing

LNNB Score Indiciation

2 brain damage 0 normal

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) indexes

verbal comprehension (VCI), perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), processing speed index (PSI)

what does the WAIS test measure

intelligence in late adolescents and adults

What are Bader and Pearson known for

developmental model of couples therapy

Bader & Pearson developmental of couples therapy

inevitable change in relationships, assist couples in knowing their stage in development, help couples gain skills to go to the next level

Splitting defense mechanism

all or nothing thinking

Introjection: Defense Mechanism

Accepting another person's attitudes, beliefs, and values as one's own

• Person who dislikes guns becomes an avid hunter, just like a best friend

Three levels of observation techniques

1. casual information observation in natural environment

2. guided observation, more intentional and used with checklists or rating scale to evaluate behavior

3. clinical level done in controlled setting with applied instrument

Kuhlman-Anderson group intelligence test

k-12, verbal and quantitative intelligence, not language

Woodcock Johnson group intelligence test

cognitive abilities, academic achievement, oral language

wonderlic personnel group intelligence test

mental ability of adults, predictor of performance, but controversial from diverse demographics

Down syndrome symptoms

three 21 chromosomes, almond eyes, protruding tongue, intellectual disability

Brown's value based theory

three types of values: culture, work, and life. client is satisfied when value-based goals are met

Anti-psychotics for Tourettes

haldol, orap, clondine, desipramine

neurological theory of tourettes

excess of dopamine

Encopresis diagnostic age

at least 4 years

Encopresis

a childhood disorder characterized by repeated defecating in inappropriate places, such as one's clothing

5 subtype of specific phobia

animal, environment, situational, blood injection injury, other

best treatment for specific phobias

in vivio exposure

Amytal interview

a psychiatric technique that uses sodium amytal to treat post-traumatic stress disorder, the patient is given sodium amytal, The patient is encouraged to use free association, dreams, and transference material the patient's responses are used to identify relevant topics for later therapeutic discussion.

what is amytal interview used for

PTSD, unconsious

conversion disorder

A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found.

Personality disorders clusters

A: eccentric, B: dramatic, C: fear

Cluster A personality disorders

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Cluster B personality disorders

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

Cluster C personality disorders

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

What percentage of Americans drink alcohol daily

50%

Survivor of disasters emotional and psychological stages

1. hero

2. honeymoon period

3. disillusionment, let down

4. reconstruction

Stages of Theory Development

1) Original paradigm. 2) Paradigm modification. 3) Paradigm specificity. 4) Paradigm experimentation. 5) Paradigm consolidation.

Three main components of personality

Id, ego, super ego

ID

contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

ego

the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.

Superego

the part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations

Jung's main archetypes

way, self, animus, rebirth, persona, shadow, stock characters, hero, trickster, sage, power, number

Who developed gestalt therapy

Fritz Perls

Gestalt therapy

removal of masks and facades, creative interaction with client to gain awareness of thoughts senses and feelings

six basic emotions

anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise

James-Lange theory of emotion

emotions are bodies reaction to changes in automatic nervous system due to external stimuli

Trans-theoretical Model

changes in behavior based on the individuals decisions, stages people go through when changing a problem

transtheoretical model stages

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

Theory of personology founder

leibinz

theory of personology

person can change when awareness is changed, theory of mind, became rogers person centered

Rychlak psychotherapy motives

scholarly, ethical, curative

rychlak scholarly motive

corresponds with learning, science of counseling with recording data and analyzing

rychlak ethical motive

counselors desire to help

rychlak curative motive

help client heal and helping modifying bad behaviors

motivational interviewing founder

miller

motivational interviewing

a collaborative, person-centered form of guiding to elicit and strengthen motivation for change

parapraxes

freudian slips, overt actions with unconscious meanings

Morphogenesis

adaptability skill a family uses to handle change

who developed personal science

mahoney , based on CB approach

personal science theory acroynm for therapist guiding client to solve a problem

SCIENCE

personal science SCIENCE acronym meaning

specification, collection, identification, examination, narrowing, comparing, expanding

who found rational emotive therapy

Ellis

Rational Emotive Therapy

a cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that helps clients identify and change the irrational assumptions and thinking that help cause their psychological disorder

What did Yalom create

here and now group processing

Yalom's here and now process group characteristics

clients immediate reactions, discussing members affective experiences, unstructured, emphasize therapeutic activities, group can act as a family

What is proxemics

study of personal space

family therapy theorizes what

problems with individual are a result of problem with the family

Triangulation in family therapy

using another member of the family to stabilize the emotional process

scape goating in family therapy

blame is used to shift focus to another family member

Satir's four issues that impede communication in families

placating, blaming, irrelevance, overly reasonable

Satir's placating meaning

people pleasing

Satir's blaming meaning

pointing outwards to another family member

Satir's irrelevance meaning

displaces problem and discussing something else

satir's overly reasonable meaning

family member keeps their emotions in check too reasonably

Linear Casuality

used in individual counseling, direct line of reasoning x+y=z

circular causality

used in family counseling, dynamic interactions that influence each other

Social Exchange theory of group counseling

members seek profit in interactions with others, analysis of interactions are done by exchanges members make with each other, individual member is a primary unit of analysis

How many correlates of humor are there

three