1.4-1.6 Carbohydrates + Lipids + Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of __, __, and __, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1.

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

The simplest forms of carbohydrates are __, such as glucose and fructose.

monosaccharides

Disaccharides consist of __ monosaccharides linked together.

two

Polysaccharides, such as starch and glycogen, are made up of __ of monosaccharides.

long chains

Lipids serve functions in biological systems including __, __, and forming cell membranes.

energy storage, insulation

Triglycerides are composed of and fatty acids.

glycerol, three

Phospholipids are essential for forming cell membranes, made of __, a glycerol, and a __ group.

two fatty acids, phosphate

Saturated fatty acids contain _ double bonds between carbon atoms and are typically __ at room temperature.

no, solid

Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds between carbon atoms and are usually at room temperature.

one or more, liquid

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of long chains of __.

nucleotides

Nucleotides consist of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and phosphate groups.

five-carbon, one or more

The primary repository of genetic information is __, which is primarily double-stranded.

DNA

RNA functions not only as a messenger in protein synthesis but also includes roles in and .

regulation, expression of genes

Dehydration synthesis is the reaction that joins __ together through the formation of phosphodiester bonds.

nucleotides

Differences between DNA and RNA include: DNA is while RNA is .

double-stranded, single-stranded

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries __ from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

genetic information