Anti-Anxiolytics Sedative-Hypnotics and Stimulants

Buspirone

Brand: Buspar | Class: Anti-anxiolytic | Uses: General anxiety | CS: Non-controlled

Clonazepam

Brand: Klonopin | Class: Benzodiazepine | Uses: Anxiety | CS: C-IV

Alprazolam

Brand: Xanax | Class: Benzodiazepine | Uses: Anxiety | CS: C-IV

Diazepam

Brand: Valium | Class: Benzodiazepine | Uses: Anxiety; seizures | CS: C-IV

Lorazepam

Brand: Ativan | Class: Benzodiazepine | Uses: Anxiety; status-ep | CS: C-IV

Chlordiazepoxide

Brand: Librium | Class: Benzodiazepine | Uses: Anxiety; alcohol withdrawal | CS: C-IV

Midazolam

Brand: Versed | Class: Benzodiazepine | Uses: Procedural sedation | CS: C-IV

Eszopiclone

Brand: Lunesta | Class: Non-BZD hypnotic | Uses: Insomnia | CS: C-IV

Zolpidem

Brand: Ambien | Class: Non-BZD hypnotic | Uses: Insomnia | CS: C-IV

Zaleplon

Brand: Sonata | Class: Non-BZD hypnotic | Uses: Insomnia | CS: C-IV

Amphetamine / dextroamphetamine salts

Brand: Adderall | Class: Mixed amphetamine salts | Uses: ADHD | CS: C-II

Dexmethylphenidate

Brand: Focalin | Class: Methylphenidate analog | Uses: ADHD | CS: C-II

Methylphenidate

Brand: Ritalin; Concerta; Daytrana | Class: CNS stimulant | Uses: ADHD | CS: C-II

Lisdexamfetamine

Brand: Vyvanse | Class: Pro-drug amphetamine | Uses: ADHD | CS: C-II

Atomoxetine

Brand: Strattera | Class: Selective NRI | Uses: ADHD | CS: Non-controlled

Buspar

Generic: Buspirone

Klonopin

Generic: Clonazepam

Xanax

Generic: Alprazolam

Valium

Generic: Diazepam

Ativan

Generic: Lorazepam

Librium

Generic: Chlordiazepoxide

Versed

Generic: Midazolam

Lunesta

Generic: Eszopiclone

Ambien

Generic: Zolpidem

Sonata

Generic: Zaleplon

Adderall

Generic: Amphetamine / dextroamphetamine salts

Focalin

Generic: Dexmethylphenidate

Ritalin / Concerta / Daytrana

Generic: Methylphenidate

Vyvanse

Generic: Lisdexamfetamine

Strattera

Generic: Atomoxetine

Benzodiazepines - Mechanism / Indications

CNS depression (anxiolysis; sedation; anticonvulsant)

Z-drugs - Mechanism / Indications

Sleep onset and maintenance

Buspirone - Mechanism / Indications

Partial serotonin agonist -> anxiolysis without sedation

Stimulants - Mechanism / Indications

Block NE/DA reuptake & promote release -> increase prefrontal cortex focus

Atomoxetine - Mechanism / Indications

Selective NE reuptake inhibitor -> increase attention and decrease hyperactivity

Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs - Common Side Effects

Drowsiness; cognitive slowing

Stimulants - Common Side Effects

Insomnia; decreased appetite; weight loss

Buspirone - Common Side Effects

Dizziness; headache

Benzodiazepines - Serious / Boxed Risks

Respiratory depression; dependence; withdrawal

Z-drugs - Serious / Boxed Risks

Complex sleep behaviors (sleep-driving/walking injury or death)

Stimulants - Serious / Boxed Risks

Abuse/misuse; sudden CV death; HTN

Atomoxetine - Serious / Boxed Risks

Suicidal ideation in pediatrics and adolescents

MAOIs (within 14 days) - Key Interactions

Serotonin or hypertensive crisis when taken with buspirone; stimulants; or atomoxetine

CNS Depressants / Opioids / Alcohol - Key Interactions

Increased respiratory and CNS depression when combined with BZDs or Z-drugs

Severe Cardiac Disease / Mod-Severe HTN - Key Contraindications

Avoid most stimulants and atomoxetine