Coal and Petroleum Overview

Inexhaustible Natural Resources

Resources like sunlight and air present in unlimited quantity in nature.

Exhaustible Natural Resources

Limited resources like forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, and petroleum.

Coal

Hard, black fuel used for cooking, producing electricity, and in industries.

Carbonisation

Process of converting dead plants into coal under high pressure and temperature.

Fossil Fuel

Coal, petroleum, and natural gas formed from dead remains of living organisms.

Coke

Pure carbon used in steel manufacturing and metal extraction.

Coal Tar

Black liquid with various uses like manufacturing dyes, drugs, and perfumes.

Coal Gas

Fuel obtained during coal processing, historically used for lighting.

Petroleum

Dark oily liquid consisting of various constituents like petrol, diesel, and lubricating oil.

Refining of Petroleum

Process of separating various constituents from crude oil like petrol and diesel.

Natural Gas

Stored as compressed natural gas, used for power generation

Petrochemicals

Substances derived from petroleum and natural gas for manufacturing

Refining

Process of separating fractions of petroleum in a refinery

Fossil Fuels

Coal, petroleum, and natural gas derived from dead organisms

Exhaustible Resources

Limited resources like coal and petroleum

PCRA

Petroleum Conservation Research Association advising on fuel conservation

LPG

Liquid Petroleum Gas used as fuel for home and industry

Kerosene

Used as fuel for stoves, lamps, and jet aircrafts

Diesel

Fuel for heavy motor vehicles and electric generators

Lubricating Oil

Used for lubrication purposes

Paraffin Wax

Used in ointments, candles, vaseline, etc.

Bitumen

Used in paints and road surfacing

Black Gold

Nickname for petroleum due to its commercial importance

CNG

Compressed natural gas used as a cleaner fuel

Global Warming

Linked to burning fossil fuels, like coal and petroleum

CNG Advantages

Less polluting, easy transport, used for power generation

Coke Characteristics

Pure carbon, derived from coal, used in various industries

Petroleum Formation

Derived from dead sea organisms, covered by sand and clay

Coal Formation

From dead vegetation over millions of years, called a slow process

Fossil Fuels Formation

From dead remains of organisms, millions of years ago

Refinery Process

Separating various petroleum fractions in a refinery