Kinesiology Notes and Vocab - The Respiratory System

1. Deliver oxygenated blood

2. Remove carbon dioxide

3. Acid-base balance

What are the three goals of the respiratory system?

1. Co2 and other gas (1%)

2. Oxygen (21%)

3. 78% nitrogen

What is air composed of?

Pleura

The layer that covers the lungs and also lines the thoracic cavity

Visceral Pleura

Lines the outer lungs

Parietal Pleura

Lines the thoracic cavity

• Nose

• Nasal cavity

• Pharynx (throat)

• Larynx (voicebox)

• Epiglottis

What is the upper respiratory tract composed of?

• Trachea (windpipe)

• Bronchi

• Bronchioles

• Alveoli

• Lungs

• Diaphragm

What is the lower respiratory tract composed of?

• Left: 2 lobes

• Right: 3 lobes

How are the lungs divided?

Alveoli

Where does gas exchange occur?

• exchange occurs between:

  1. air and blood in the lungs

  2. blood and the tissues

1. Diaphragm

2. Intercostals

3. Abdominal muscles

What are the major muscles used in breathing?

1. Diaphragm (contracts)

2. External intercostals

3. sternocleidnomastoid

4. Scalenes

What muscles are used for Inhalation?

1. diaphragm (relaxes)

2. Internal intercostals

3. Internal obliques

4. external obliques

5. Rectus abdomonis

What muscles are used in exhalation?

• Nose, mouth

• trachea

• right and left bronchi

• bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

What is the the conduction zone?

• Alveoli

What is in the respiratory zone?

1. Ventilation

2. Gas exchange

3. Oxygen utilization

What are the phases in respiration?

Acid-base balance

• When you have too much CO2 build up, it triggers your brain to send a signal that we need to breathe

• Affected by altitude and temperature

• Men: 13 cups

• Women: 9 cups

How many cups of water should a man/woman have a day?

• 8oz/1 cup

Gas Diffusion

The movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Asthma

Condition in which airings are inflamed, narrowed, and have increased mucus production

• Symptoms are wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, increased mucus, chest tightness

• Treated with maintenance meds, rescue meds, and steroids

• Tested with SP02 (peripheral oxygen saturation) and Peak Flow

Pneumonia

A lung infection that causes the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs to fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe

• Symptoms are cough, fever/chills, shortness of breath, chest pain

• Treatment depends on type of pneumonia: Bacterial (ATBs), Viral (Leave alone), and Fungal (Anti-fungal meds)

• Tested through x-rays and blood tests

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A common lung disease that narrows the airways and damages the lungs, making it difficult to breathe

• Combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

• Tested by spirometry pulmonary function tests (PFT), x-rays, and clinical diagnosis

• Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, fatigue, blue lips/fingernails, losing weight without trying, swelling in feet, ankles, and legs

• Treated through medications, inhalers, oxygen (not high levels), and respiratory therapy

Double Pneumonia

Affects both lungs

Aspiration Pneumonia

Caused by something that went into the lungs (fluid, food, etc.) through the trachea

Walking Pneumonia

Milder, low fever, and dry cough

through communities, hospitals, or ventilators

How can pneumonia be acquired?