Normal Lab Values

Sodium (Na)

135-145 mEq/L

-maintains osmotic pressure and acid base balance

-assists with transmission of nerve impulses absorbed from the small intestine

Potassium (K)

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

-regulates cellular water balance & electrical conduction in muscle cells

-used to regulate cardiac, renal, and gi function

-patients with elevated wbc may have altered k levels

Chloride (Cl)

95-110 mEq/L

-most abundant anion in extracellular fluid

-functions to counter balance cations (sodium)

-aids in digestion and maintaining osmotic pressure

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

22-29 mEq/L

-responsible for maintaining the pH of body fluids

-prolonged tourniquet application before blood draw increases bicarbonate level

aPPT

20-36 SEC

-used to monitor heparin (anticoagulant) therapy

PT

Male: 9.6-11.8 sec

Female: 9.5-11.3 sec

-measures the amount of time it takes for clot formation

Platelet Count

150-400k

-Hugh altitudes, chronic cold weather, and exercise increase platelet counts

Hemoglobin

Male: 14-16.5 g/dl

Female: 12-15 g/dl

Hematocrit

Male: 42-52%

Female: 35-47%

Iron

Male: 65-175 mcg/dl

Female: 50-170 mcg/dl

-mostly found in hemoglobin

RBC

-formed by blood marrow

-lifespan of 120 days

-removed from blood from spleen, liver, and bone marrow

Creatine Kinase (ck)

26-174 units/L

Troponins

-troponin i: > 1.5 indicates MI

-troponin t: > 0.2 indicates MI

-regulatory proteins found in striated muscle (skeletal and myocardial)

Albumin

3.4-5 g/dl

-a waste product from nitrogen breakdown during protein metabolism

Bilirubin

<1.5 mg/dl

-produced by the liver, spleen, and bone marrow

-a byproduct of metabolic breakdown

-total bilirubin rises with any kind of jaundice

Low Density Lipids

<130 mg/dl

-bad cholesterol

High Density Lipid

30-70 mg/dl

-good cholesterol

Protein

6-8 g/dl

-reflects total amount of albumin and goblins in serum

Uric Acid

2.5-8 mg/dl

-elevated amounts deposit in joints and soft tissue and cause gout

Fasting Glucose

70-110 mg/dl

Capillary Blood Glucose

60-110

Glucose Tolerance Test (Oral)

baseline: 70-110

30 min: 70-110

60 min: 110-170

90 min: 100-140

Creatine

0.5-1.3 mg/dl

-very specific indicator of renal function

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

8-22 mg/dl

Calcium (Ca)

8.5-10.5 mg/dl

-aids in clotting by converting prothrombin to thrombin

Magnesium (Mg)

1.6-2.6 mg/dl

-needed for blood clotting process

Phosphorus (PO)

2.7-4.5

-important for bone formation, energy storage and release, urinary acid base buffering and carbohydrate metabolism

WBC Count

4,500-11,000 cells/mm3

pH

7.35-7.45

*over 90 years: 7.25-7.45

Pa CO2

35-45 mmHg

Pa O2

> 80-100 mmHg

WBC Count

5,000-10,000 mm3

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

< 20 mm/hr

Total Serum Cholesterol

-desirable less than 200 mg/dl

-less than 150 mg/dl is target range for therapy to reduce risk of CV

Triglycerides

less than 150

Therapeutic INR

2.0-3.0

Ammonia

35-65

Digoxin Level

0.8-2.0 ng/mL

Lithium Level

0.4-1.0 meQ/L

Magnesium Sulfate

-levels are obtained 1 hour after loading dose and then every 6 hours

-the maintenance dosage should be titrated to maintain a level of 4-8

Phenobarbital

10-30

Theophylline

10-20

Hb A1C

5-7