Project Management and Information Systems

A collection of flashcards covering key concepts related to project management, methodologies, databases, AI, business intelligence, and policies in information systems.

What is the waterfall methodology?

A linear sequential approach to project management where each phase must be completed before the next can begin.

What are the phases of the waterfall methodology?

Requirements, Design, Implementation, Verification, Maintenance.

What does the agile methodology emphasize?

Iterative development, flexibility, and collaboration to adapt to changing requirements.

What is a Gantt Chart?

A visual representation of a project's schedule displaying tasks and their durations over time.

What does PERT stand for and what is its purpose?

Program Evaluation Review Technique; used to plan and schedule tasks, identify dependencies, and estimate project timelines.

Define constraints in project management.

Limitations or restrictions that affect a project's execution or outcome.

What are objectives in the context of a project?

Specific measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals that guide a project's execution.

What is a primary key in a relational database?

A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table.

What does referential integrity ensure in relational databases?

It ensures the consistency of relationships between tables by enforcing that a foreign key matches a primary key or is NULL.

What is artificial intelligence (AI)?

The ability of computer systems to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning and problem-solving.

What are neural networks?

Computer systems modeled on the human brain, used in machine learning to learn and make predictions.

What are expert systems?

Software programmed using AI techniques that utilize databases of expert knowledge to offer advice or make decisions.

What are the phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

Planning, requirements analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

What is a data warehouse?

A centralized repository that stores and organizes data from various sources for analysis and reporting.

What does it mean to normalize a database?

The process of organizing data in a relational database to minimize redundancy and dependencies.

What is Business Intelligence?

The process of collecting, analyzing, and presenting business data to help organizations make informed decisions.

Differentiate between structured and unstructured problems.

Structured problems have clearly defined processes and solutions, while unstructured problems lack clear definitions and require creative thinking.

What is supply chain management (SCM)?

The process of coordinating and optimizing all activities involved in bringing a product or service from its source to the end customer.

What is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system?

A system of integrated software applications that manages core business processes.

What does an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) outline?

Rules and guidelines for acceptable IT resource usage within an organization.

What is non-repudiation?

A guarantee that a party cannot deny their involvement in a transaction, ensuring accountability and integrity.