Exam Three Review: Cardiovascular, Peripheral Vascular, Lymphatic, Musculoskeletal & Neurological Systems

100 fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts from cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, and neurological systems for Exam Three.

The vessels that carry lymph throughout the body are called __ vessels.

lymphatic

The primary purposes of the lymphatic system are to return excess interstitial fluid, absorb intestinal fats, and provide __ defense.

immune

A non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is a __ family history.

positive

Modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease include smoking, diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and high __ levels.

cholesterol

Common risk factors for stroke include hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, smoking, and elevated _.

cholesterol

Sudden facial droop, arm weakness, and _ speech are hallmark stroke symptoms.

slurred

A 1+ pitting edema leaves about _ mm indentation.

2

2+ pitting edema leaves roughly __ mm indentation.

4

3+ pitting edema leaves about __ mm indentation.

6

4+ pitting edema leaves approximately __ mm indentation.

8

A pulse graded as 0 is described as __.

absent

A pulse graded as 1 is considered __.

weak/thready

A normal pulse is recorded as on the 0-4 scale.

2

A pulse graded as 3 is described as __.

full/bounding

A pulse graded as 4 is described as __.

bounding

Normal capillary refill time is _ seconds or less.

2

A swishing sound heard over an artery with the bell of the stethoscope is called a __.

bruit

Muscle strength with complete range of motion against gravity and full resistance is graded /5.

5

Muscle strength with no contraction observed is graded /5.

0

One-sided weakness would be documented as __ in the affected limbs.

hemiparesis

Marked asymmetry of muscles may indicate __ atrophy or neurologic disease.

muscular

Hip joint movement that decreases the angle between thigh and trunk is called hip __.

flexion

Straightening the knee is knee __.

extension

Turning the ankle so the sole faces medially is ankle __.

inversion

Bending the wrist so the palm moves toward the forearm is wrist __.

flexion

Moving the neck to look over the shoulder is cervical __.

rotation

The carotid pulse is located between the trachea and the __ muscle.

sternocleidomastoid

The dorsalis pedis pulse is palpated on the dorsal aspect of the _.

foot

When performing the Romberg test, the nurse should stand close to the patient and have arms ready to __ the patient.

support

A normal Romberg test is recorded as Romberg __.

negative

The Romberg test assesses cerebellar __ and balance.

function

Blood returning from the body enters the heart through the vena cavae into the __ atrium.

right

From the right ventricle, blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary __.

artery

Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs via the pulmonary veins to the __ atrium.

left

From the left ventricle, blood is pumped through the __ valve into the aorta.

aortic

Cardiovascular assessment begins with inspection, followed by palpation, __, and auscultation.

percussion

Neuro assessments prioritize level of consciousness, pupillary response, and __ movement.

motor

Peripheral vascular assessment focuses on pulses, color, temperature, and presence of __.

edema

Musculoskeletal assessment inspects posture and alignment, and assesses range of motion and muscle __.

strength

Swollen, tender lymph nodes with sudden onset may indicate acute __.

infection

Endurance-trained young athletes often have resting bradycardia, with heart rates commonly __ 60 bpm.

below

The 'lub' sound (S1) is caused by closure of the mitral and __ valves.

tricuspid

The 'dub' sound (S2) is produced when the aortic and __ valves close.

pulmonic

The aortic auscultatory area is located at the __ right intercostal space, sternal border.

2nd

The pulmonic auscultatory area is at the 2nd __ intercostal space.

left

Erb’s point is located at the 3rd left intercostal space, __ border.

sternal

The tricuspid area is at the __ left intercostal space along the sternal border.

4th

The mitral (apical) area is at the 5th left intercostal space, __ line.

midclavicular

A loud whooshing sound heard over the aortic area likely indicates a cardiac __.

murmur

A left lateral decubitus position may enhance detection of a __ valve murmur.

mitral

Leaning the patient forward while exhaling helps in auscultation of __ valve murmurs.

aortic

Electrical conduction begins in the __ node.

SA

After the SA node, the impulse travels to the __ node.

AV

From the AV node the impulse moves to the bundle of __.

His

Bundle branches carry the impulse down the septum to the __ fibers.

Purkinje

The SA node is often called the heart’s natural __.

pacemaker

Raynaud's phenomenon involves episodic vasospasm of the __.

fingers

Orthostatic hypotension is a drop in systolic pressure of at least _ mmHg upon standing.

20

The diaphragm of the stethoscope transmits high-pitched sounds such as S1, S2, and _ murmurs.

systolic

The bell of the stethoscope is used for low-pitched sounds like S3, S4, and vascular __.

bruits

Peripheral edema, jugular venous distention, and hepatomegaly are classic signs of _-sided heart failure.

right

Pulmonary congestion, crackles, and dyspnea are classic manifestations of _-sided heart failure.

left

When assessing the carotid artery, palpate __ side(s) at a time.

one

Before palpating the carotid, auscultate with the bell for a _.

bruit

A stethoscope, reflex hammer, and penlight are essential equipment for a __ system assessment.

neurological

The part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance is the __.

cerebellum

Cranial nerve II is the __ nerve.

optic

Cranial nerve X, the __ nerve, has both sensory and motor functions including gag reflex.

vagus

If gag reflex is absent, the nurse should assess the patient’s ability to __ safely.

swallow

A Glasgow Coma Scale score of _ or less indicates coma.

8

A Glasgow Coma Scale of _ is the highest possible and indicates full consciousness.

15

A shuffling gait is commonly associated with __ disease.

Parkinson

A scissors gait, where knees cross, is characteristic of __ palsy.

cerebral

A spastic gait, with stiff movements and foot drag, is typical after a __ stroke.

hemiplegic

A waddling gait suggests weakness of the __ girdle muscles.

pelvic

Pain caused by arterial insufficiency is often described as __ claudication.

intermittent

Venous insufficiency typically results in __ edema that improves with elevation.

pitting

The medical term for cramping pain in the calf during exercise is __.

claudication

Orientation ×4 assesses person, place, time, and __.

situation

Parkinson disease is characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and __ gait.

shuffling

Normal lymph nodes are generally non-tender, mobile, and less than _ cm in size.

1

The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance, absorb fats, and provide __ defense.

immune

Deep tendon reflexes are graded from 0 to 4, with __ considered normal.

2

A pulse deficit is assessed by auscultating the apical pulse while simultaneously palpating the __ pulse.

radial

The 6 P’s (pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, poikilothermia) are alarming signs of impaired __.

circulation

Exaggerated thoracic curvature causing a hunched-back appearance is called __.

kyphosis

Excessive lumbar curvature is termed __.

lordosis

Lateral curvature of the spine is known as __.

scoliosis

During diastole the ventricles are __.

relaxed

During systole, the ventricles __ blood into the arteries.

contract

Intermittent claudication is pain in the legs caused by inadequate __ flow during activity.

arterial blood

Raynaud’s phenomenon causes triphasic color changes (white-blue-red) in the __.

fingers

Decorticate posturing presents with arms flexed toward the __.

chest

Decerebrate posturing shows arms extended and rotated __.

outward

Ataxia refers to impaired muscle __ and coordination.

coordination

Bouchard’s nodes are bony enlargements of the __ interphalangeal joints seen in osteoarthritis.

proximal

Heberden nodes are found at the __ interphalangeal joints.

distal

Heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called __.

tachycardia

The Romberg test is performed with the patient standing, feet together, eyes closed, assessing for loss of __.

balance

A palpable vibration felt over the precordium or an artery is termed a __.

thrill