Grade 9 Science - Unit E (Space Exploration)

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The next closest star to ours is almost __________ kilometers away.

38 trillion.

Which model of planetary motion has the planet earth as being in the center the center of the universe?

Geocentric model.

____came up with the geocentric model of planetary motion.

Aristotle.

Which planetary motion model suggested that the sun was at the center and the planets (including earth) along with their moons, circled around it?

Heliocentric model.

Astronomer's tools:

Quadrant, telescope, sun dial.

An azimuth of 180 degrees would put the object in the:

South.

The Earth is...

in constant motion AND rotation.

The average distance from Earth to the Sun is about 150 000 000 km. Astronomers refer to this distance as a(n)

Astronomical unit.

A star is a glowing hot ball of gas that gives off light and heat. What is the most common element making up this ball of gas?

Hydrogen.

Two planets with orbits closer to the Sun than Earth are

Mercury and Venus.

One of the measurements used to locate objects in the sky is compass direction. The compass direction measured clockwise from north is called

Azimuth.

The height of an object above the horizon is referred to as its

Altitude.

When an object in the sky has reached its highest point overhead, we say it has reached its

Zenith.

In the northern hemisphere, the longest day of the year is June 21. It is known as the summer

Solstice.

The two most abundant elements in stars are

Hydrogen and Helium.

A star's life comes to an end when it uses up all its nuclear fuel and shrinks to a small, dense object. These objects are called

Dwarfs.

The massive, violent explosion of a large, dying star is called a

Supernova.

A grouping of stars in the night sky which form an apparent pattern is called a

Constellation.

The ____________________ model of the solar system places the Sun at the center of the orbiting planets.

Heliocentric.

There are different alternative ways to power spacecraft. One of these alternatives is solar power. It is estimated that spacecraft with solar sails could travel 5 times faster than the conventional spacecraft. What do solar sails use for their propulsion?

Light.

Hazards of living in space:

Psychological challenges to confinement, Environmental hazards, The body and microgravity.

In the condition of weightlessness the body undergoes many changes. Because bones have less pressure on them in this type of gravity, they ...

Expand.

Almost 100% of all materials used on the International Space Station are recycled. The primary reason for this is because of ...

Storage space.

Satellites are used for numerous purposes. A 'natural' satellite is any ...

Small body orbiting a larger body.

Observation & research satellites are put into geosynchronous orbit. This means that they move ...

At the same rate as the Earth spins.

GPS satellites enable you to find out your exact position on the Earth at any time. 24 GPS satellites are orbiting the Earth at all times. To use the GPS system you need to get a signal from...

3 of them

A example of a natural satellite is...

Asteroids revolving around the sun.

The "payload" of a rocket describes the

Materials a rocket carries.

Outer space is often described as a "vacuum." What does this mean?

Space has no air, water and atmosphere.

The force of attraction between any two masses is called

Gravity.

Objects designed and built by humans to orbit Earth are called

Satellites.

The purpose of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is to

Pinpoint the exact position of an object on the planet.

What advantage is there to conducting some experiments in the orbiting space station, rather than performing the same experiments on Earth?

Zero gravity allows for experiments that are impossible to do on Earth.

Living conditions are limited in a spacecraft. In addition to physical problems, scientists expect that living in a confined area for long periods of time could lead to

Psychological problems.

The condition in which gravitational forces are greatly reduced is called

Microgravity.

A space suit is like a miniature Earth environment for astronauts who work outside their spacecraft. A space suit must provide:

Toilet facilities, air and water, heating and cooling systems

What is the fundamental law of physics on which the science of rocketry relies?

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What sort of waves exhibit the Doppler effect?

Light, water and sound waves.

The shift in position that "seems" to occur when observing an object from a different perspective is called

Parallax

Nearby objects have ____________ parallax than more distant objects when observed from different positions.

A larger.

A blue shifted star is headed ____________the earth.

Towards.

A red shifted star is heading ____________ from the earth.

Away.

Which is NOT one of the three types of spectrums?

Downshifted.

A reflecting telescope uses...

Concave mirrors to collect and focus light.

Pitch is the frequency of sound waves. When a police car is approaching with its siren on, the pitch

Increases sharply.

Telescopes located in space have an advantage over telescopes located on Earth because they

Do not have their view affected by atmosphere.

All forms of electromagnetic radiation

Travel at the speed of light.

Different forms of electromagnetic energy have different wavelengths. The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is the

Number of wavelengths passing a single point per second.

Parallax

The apparent movement of closer objects due to the viewer's change in position.

If an object showing shift due to parallax is moved closer to the observer, the amount of shift will

Increase.

When astronomers use a spectroscope, the resulting spectra have black lines present. These black lines indicate the

Elements in the star.

If a star's spectra are shifted to the red end of the spectrum, this means the star is moving

Away from Earth.

If astronomers noticed no shift in any of the spectra from an object observed in space, this would suggest

The universe had stopped expanding.

The technique for measuring distances based on the geometry of a triangle is called

Triangulation.

There is a difference between the sound of a siren of an emergency vehicle as it approaches you and the sound of the siren when the vehicle is moving away from you. This change in pitch is referred to as

Doppler shift

If a returning spacecraft were to re-enter Earth's atmosphere at too shallow an angle, it would likely

Bounce off.

"Space junk" is

Any debris which falls off spacecraft and dead satellites.

Small particles in space can damage space shuttles or the space station because they

Travel at high speeds.

One of Canada's contributions to NASA's shuttle program was the robotic Canadarm. In which decade was the Canadarm first used?

November 13, 1981

What Canadian technology was evident in the historic landing on the Moon by Apollo 11?

Canada designed the landing gear.

In the debate over whether to explore space and utilize the resources found there, ethical questions arise. Which of the following best illustrates an ethical issue?

Is it right or wrong morally to explore space?