Ch. 4: Body Planes and Systems

T/F Cells have 3 main parts: the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus.

true

T/F The cytoplasm of a cell contains DNA.

false

T/F In a cell, the cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus.

true

T/F Mitosis is the division of a somatic cell, forming two new cells.

true

T/F A cell is the smallest particle of an element.

false

T/F A molecule is two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

true

T/F A compound is a chemical mixture in which the components are evenly distributed.

false

T/F Histology is the microscopic study of cells.

false

T/F Blood is considered to be a type of connective tissue.

true

T/F The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

true

T/F Skeletal muscles are controlled involuntarily.

false

T/F The integumentary system is comprised of the skin and its derivatives.

true

T/F The 3 layers of skin are subcutaneous, dermis, and epidermis.

true

T/F The endocrine system is a system of glands that produce hormones which affect growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

true

T/F Bile helps the body digest and absorb fat.

true

T/F The universal donor blood group is Type A.

false

T/F About 30% of blood is plasma.

false

T/F In the heart, the chamber that pumps blood to the tissues of the body is the right ventricle.

false

T/F Thermogenesis is the production of heat needed to utilize food.

true

T/F The aorta is the largest artery in the human body.

true

The term integument means

covering

The layer of cells forming the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous and serous membranes

epithelium

A precancerous lesion which occurs on mucous membranes of the tongue and is common with smokers is

leukoplakia

The epidermis contains

melanocytes

The cell in the epidermis which is filled with a hard protein substance called keratin is referred to as a

horny cell

The term strata means

several layers

Persons incapable of forming melanin are called

albino

Chronic or acute dermatitis with the variety of skin lesions is called

eczema

The olecranon is the process which forms the

elbow

The lower jaw is the

mandible

Sequestrum refers to

dead bone tissue

The deep socket of the hip into which the thigh bone fits is called the

acetabulum

The zygomatic bone is one of which of the following

facial

The first part of the nerve cell which receives the nervous impulse is the

dendrite

Glial cells are

nervous system connective cells

Paralysis of the lower limbs and at varying degrees of the lower trunk is called

paraplegia

Quick shuffling steps as seen in Parkinson's disease is called

festination

A congenital defect consisting of the absence of a vertebral arch of the final column is called

spina bifida

The point of contact between the axon of one neuron and a dendrite or cell body of another neuron is a

synapse

Neurons that carry impulses toward the brain or spinal cord are

afferent neurons

A large molecule which is the main constituent of chromosomes is referred to as

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

The partition which separates the two upper chambers of the heart is the

interatrial septum

A thrombotic occlusion is a

blocking of an artery by a clot

Erythroblastosis fetalis is an example of what type of anemia

hemolytic

The only artery which carries deoxygenated blood is

pulmonary artery

The smallest blood vessel is the

capillary

Red blood cells appear red due to the presence of

oxyhemoglobin

The blowing sound heard on auscultation is a

murmur

Variation in the shape of the red cells would be indicated as

poikilocytosis

Structures located on the right side of the heart include

tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve

In the anatomical position, the patient

stands erect with palms turned anterior

The heartbeat is normally regulated by the

sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

The median or sagittal plane divides the body

into left and right

A patient in the prone position is lying

face down

A patient in the supine position is lying

Flat on their back with palms and face up

Medial rotation indicates that the movement is toward the

center

Abduction is the opposite of

a. distal

b. lateral

c. cephalic

d. none of the above

Proximal

is the opposite of distal

Anterior is the

front of the body

Conducting away is referred to as

efferent

Lying on the stomach is referred to as

prone position

The body is divided into front and back by which of the following planes?

coronal

The opposite of ventral is

dorsal

The opposite of distal is

proximal

The organs of the respiratory system include all of the following except

a. larynx

b. bronchi

c. thoracic duct

d. trachea

The heart is made up of three layers:

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

The longest vein in the body is the

saphenous vein

The body system that returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood and protects the body against disease is

lymphatic system

The small, finger-like projections on the surface of the membrane in the small intestine is called

villus

The bones found in the skull are

flat bones

The trapezius muscle is associated with which function?

moves shoulder; extends hand

The biceps femoris muscle is associated with which function?

flexes leg and extends thigh

What are the three principle types of muscles?

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac