alkanes

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8 Terms

1
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what are alkanes?

homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons w/ the general formula CnH2n+2

2
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how reactive are alkanes?

very unreactive, but do burn and react w/ halogens (to form haloalkanes)

3
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what is a homologous series?

family of compounds:

  • same general formula

  • similar chemical properties

  • each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and a gradual change in physical properties

4
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how does bpt change as the C chain gets longer?

  • longer C chain = higher bpt

  • as more e-

  • so stronger VDWs between molecules

  • which require more energy to break

<ul><li><p>longer C chain = higher bpt</p></li><li><p>as more e<sup>-</sup></p></li><li><p>so stronger VDWs between molecules</p></li><li><p>which require more energy to break</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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how does bpt change w/ increase in branching?

  • more branching = lower bpt

  • as molecules do not pack as close together

  • so weaker VDWs between molecules

  • which require less energy to break

<ul><li><p>more branching = lower bpt</p></li><li><p>as molecules do not pack as close together</p></li><li><p>so weaker VDWs between molecules</p></li><li><p>which require less energy to break</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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how does viscosity change as the C chain gets longer?

viscosity increases (can be found by residue in fractional distillation)

7
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how does flammability change as the C chain gets longer?

flammability decreases

8
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how does the flame change as the C chain gets longer?

flame gets dirtier (clean → smoky flame)