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Plato's Intent
To define objective justice and injustice.
Thrasymachus' Philosophy
Power defines what is good and just.
Pragmatism
Dealing with practical rather than theoretical considerations.
Shepherd Analogy
Shepherd fattens sheep for profit, reflecting human nature.
Plato's Ruler-Sailor Analogy
Ruler must care for the ruled, like captain for sailors.
Injustice According to Thrasymachus
Injustice is clever, benefiting oneself over others.
Plato's View on Justice
Justice involves logical reasoning for the common good.
Aristotle's Role of the State
To achieve the highest good through cooperation.
Origin of the State
Evolves from family to village to state for survival.
Political Animals
Humans are naturally inclined to form political communities.
Soul-Body Analogy
Ruler's rationality guides the ruled like soul guides body.
Good Citizen vs. Good Man
Good man is moral; good citizen serves the state.
Forms of Government
Kingship, Aristocracy, Constitution vs. Tyranny, Oligarchy, Democracy.
Good vs. Bad Government
Good serves common good; bad serves self-interest.
Cicero's Commonwealth
Assemblage of people cooperating for the common good.
True Law
Objective good guiding just society through right reason.
Nature of Laws
Laws reflect objective good, guiding behavior.
Cicero's Concept of Justice
Laws favor liberties of the good, ignored by the wicked.
Cicero's Political State
Not just people, but a cooperative political entity.
Objective Good
Foundation for creating just laws according to Cicero.
Right Reason
Using logic aligned with nature to conceive laws.
Cicero's View on Law's Effect
Laws ineffective on the wicked, who disregard them.
Plato's Just Ruler
Ruler must prioritize the welfare of the ruled.
