Critical Thinking Section 3

Bounded Rationality

making choices that are good enough to suffice to satisfy our needs rather than taking all energy to make the best choice possible

Availability Heuristic

a process where the mind generalizes based on what is available to it rather than what is objectively true

Confirmation Bias

the tendency to seek out information that confirms one's own bias or belief rather than looking at all the information

Principle of Charity

Interpreting an argument with the best possible light before evaluating its soundness or cogency

Cognitive Bias

the tendency to simplify information through a filter of personal experience and preferences

Alief

the feeling in which instinctual responses conflict with our reasoned-out beliefs

Heuristic

a rule of thumb, a ready strategy, or shortcut

Prototype

a general idea of something made of a person's knowledge

Anchoring and Adjustment

the tendency to anchor to the first piece of info we have about something new (even if its not a fact) and then only adjusting the information from there

Algorithm Bubble

the curated and personalized version of online reality that a website shows you

Appropriate sample

a sample that is random and representative

System 1 Thinking

quick, automatic, and emotional thinking

System 2 Thinking

deliberate, effortful, and calculating thinking