VCE Unit 3 Health and Human Development - Outcome 1 Flashcards

Flashcards testing core concepts, indicators, relationships, and health resources from VCE Unit 3 Health and Human Development Outcome 1 notes.

What is the assessment weighting for the end-of-year examination in VCE Health and Human Development?

The end-of-year examination contributes $50\%$ to the overall study score.

What is the definition of health and wellbeing?

Health and wellbeing relates to the state of a person's physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual existence. It is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable, and engaged.

What does it mean for health and wellbeing to be dynamic?

It means health and wellbeing is in a constant state of change, which can occur slowly or quickly.

What does it mean for health and wellbeing to be subjective?

It means health and wellbeing carries different meanings for different people depending on their personal perspectives, age, and individual health management.

How does a disease differ from an illness?

A disease is a physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction, or tissue damage, whereas illness is a subjective concept relating to how a person feels about and experiences a disease or injury.

What is physical health and wellbeing?

Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems, including the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks.

What is social health and wellbeing?

Relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and adapt appropriately to different social situations, as well as the level of support provided by family and community.

What is emotional health and wellbeing?

Relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way, positively manage emotional actions and reactions, and display resilience.

What is mental health and wellbeing?

Relates to the state of wellbeing of a person's mind or brain and their ability to think, process information, form opinions, make decisions, and use logic.

What is spiritual health and wellbeing?

Relates to ideas, beliefs, values, and ethics in the human conscience, including hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or purpose, and reflection on one's place in the world.

How can high levels of stress (mental health) physically increase the risk of infectious diseases?

High stress increases cortisol levels in the body, a hormone that can reduce immune system function over time, thereby increasing the risk of infectious diseases.

What is the definition of health status?

An individual's or population's overall level of health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability, and levels of disease risk factors.

What is self-assessed health status?

A health indicator based on an individual's own opinion about how they feel regarding their overall health, state of mind, and life in general.

What does the health indicator life expectancy measure?

An indication of how long a person can expect to live if death rates do not change.

What is Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)?

A measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, adjusted for time spent in poor health; it represents the number of years in full health a person is expected to live.

What is mortality?

Refers to deaths in a population, usually measured over a specific period such as $12$ months.

How is the infant mortality rate defined?

The rate of deaths of children between birth and their first birthday, expressed per $1000$ live births.

How is Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) defined?

The rate of deaths of children under five years of age, expressed per $1000$ live births.

What is maternal mortality ratio?

The number of mothers who die during pregnancy, childbirth, or within six weeks after delivery, expressed per $100\,000$ live births.

What does morbidity measure?

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.

What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?

Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a condition during a given time, whereas prevalence is the total number or proportion of cases present in a population at a given time.

What is Burden of Disease?

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries that quantifies the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to old age free of disability and disease, measured in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY).

How are YLL and YLD defined in the calculation of DALY?

YLL (Years of Life Lost) measures expected years of life lost due to premature death (fatal component), whereas YLD (Years Lived with Disability) measures healthy years lost due to illness, injury, or disability (non-fatal component).

What components make up a Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY)?

$\text{DALY} = \text{YLD} + \text{YLL}$, where one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease, or injury.

What are the individual benefits of optimal health and wellbeing?

It allows individuals to work productively, earn an income, gain an education, exercise, sleep well, run a household, spend time with friends, and live independently.

What are the national benefits of optimal health and wellbeing in a country?

It leads to health system savings, increased workforce productivity, higher average incomes, fewer people relying on social security, and reduced community stress and anxiety.

How does optimal health and wellbeing act as a global resource?

It reduces the risk of disease transmission between countries, promotes global economic and social development, assists in promoting peace and stability, and supports global sustainability.

What four elements must be included when outlining a data trend in VCE HHD?

1. The general direction of the trend, 2. At least two pieces of data to support the direction, 3. The context of the data, and 4. The correct units of measurement.