observations

which variable is not used in observations?

independent variable

how do observations gather quantitative data?

observing how many times people act in a certain way

how do observations gather qualitative data?

observing how people acted in a certain way

how can data be collected in observations?

tallying, event sampling or time sampling

what is tallying?

making a mark on paper to record each instance of something happening

what is event sampling?

choosing which events are to be observed and then noting down each time that event occurs

what is time sampling?

observing for certain periods of time which can make observations more manageable

what is a structured observation?

when a situation is set up and what happens is observed, which can be covert, overt, participant or non-participant

what was examined in Mary Ainsworth's structured observation?

interactions between mothers and their children for attachment patterns through a one-way mirror

what procedure was followed in Mary Ainsworth's structured observation?

the mother and child were together "normally" in a strange plan when a stranger entered the room, the child's behaviour when the mother was in or out the room, with or without the stranger was observed

what was the main focus of how the child behaved in Mary Ainsworth's structured observation?

behaviour in the 2 reunions to the mother when she re-entered the room

what is a naturalistic observation?

an observation that takes place in the participants natural setting, which can be covert, overt, participant or non-participant

what was the aim of Grady et al's 2012 naturalistic observation?

to see the effect of parental lingering when dropping their children off, with set categories for hug, hover and walk away

what was observed in Grady et al's 2012 naturalistic observation?

parents dropping children off to preschool to observe parental behaviour, the length of time of the separation between the child and parent and how the child interacted with peers

what were the results of Grady et al's 2012 naturalistic observation?

when parents took longer to leave, children lingered near them and spent less time with peers in social interaction

what is a covert participant observation?

the observer takes part and the study is not known about

what is an overt participant observation?

the observer takes part and the study is known about

what is a covert non-participant observation?

the observer does not take part and the study is not known about

what is an overt non-participant observation?

the observer does not take part and the study is known about

what is inter observer reliability?

there is more than one observer so separate sets of data are recorded and compared to see if there is a correlation