EARTH AND LIFE FINAL EXAM^^

Endogenic Processes

• Formed , located or occurring beneath the surface of the earth

• It is associated with energy originating in the interior of the solid earth.

• When the land is shaped by Endogenic Forces

Endogenic Processes

• When the land is shaped by Endogenic Forces

The Main Endogenic Process

• Folding

• Faulting

Folding

• When two forces push towards each other from opposite sides, the rock layers will bend into folds.

• The process by which folds are formed are due to compressional known as folding.

Faulting

• Is the fracturing and displacement of more brittle rock strata along a fault plane either caused by tension or compression.

• A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal rock movement has occurred

Types Of Faulting

• Normal Fault

• Reverse Fault

• Tear Fault

Types of Volcanism

• intrusive Volcanism

• Extrusive Volcanism

Metamorphism

• Is an endogenic process which occurs when there is pressure and heat applied to geologic structures

• Which leads to the formation of Metamorphic Rocks.

Earthquakes

• An __________ is a sudden shaking or vibration in the earth's crust.

The Subsequent Endogenic Processes

• Volcanism

• Earthquakes

• Metamorphism

Faulting From Two Major Land Forms

• Block Mountains

• Rift Valley

Exogenic Processes Or Denudation

• Refers to activities or phenomena that occur on the Earth's surface.

• It is considered as destructive

• Responsible for degradation and sculpting the Earth's surface.

Types of Exogenic Processes

• WEATHERING

• EROSION

• MASS WASTING

• SEDIMENTATION

Weathering

• The physical weathering happens when rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

• The process that breaks down rock into smaller pieces.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT PHYSICAL WEATHERING

• Ice Wedging

• Release of Pressure

• Growth of Plants

• Animals

• Abration

Ice Wedging

• H20 seeps in rock, expands, crack rocks into smaller pieces.

Release of Pressure

• Surface rock erodes, rock flakes Iike onion layers.

Growth of Plant

• Roots grow into cracks and push rocks apart

Animals

• Burrow and push apart rock

Abrasion

• Sand and rock carried by wind, water, ice wears away surface rock when rocks collide.

• Most common in windy areas

Chemical Weathering

• Is the process of breaking down rock through chemical changes

FACTORS THAT AFFECT CHEMICAL WEATHERING

• Water

• Oxygen

• Carbon Dioxide

• Living Organism

• Acid Rain

Water

• _____ dissolves rock chemically

Oxygen

• Rocks that has iron in it mixes with oxygen and rusts

Carbon Dioxide

• CO2 dissolves in rainwater and weathers marole and limestone.

Living Organism

• Acids from plants and roots chemically weather rock.

Acid Rain

• Air pollution reacts with clouds and falls on rock as____

Erosion

• THOSE ROCK PARTICLES GET CARRIED AWAY BY WIND, WATER, ICE & GRAVITY

Erosion by Water

• changes the shape of coastlines. Waves constantly crash against shores

Erosion By Wind

• Carries dust, sand, and volcanic ash from one place to another.

Erosion By Ice

• Can erode the land, In frigid areas and on some mountaintops, glacier move slowly downhill and across the land.

Erosion by Gravity

• _____ pulls any loose bits down the side of a hill or mountain

Regolith

• When weathered rock remains in place and remains in its pure state

Sediment

• When weathered material is removed from the site of weathering.

Moving Water

• It is the main agent of erosion.

WEATHERING AND EROSION

• Weathered rock material will be removed from its original site and transported away by a natural agent.

Sedimentation

• It is a natural process in which a material is carried to the bottom of bodies of water and forms to solid.

Mass Wasting

• Is the movement of rocks, soil and the regolith due to the action of gravity

FACTORS THAT TRIGGERED THE MASS WASTING

• OVER-STEEPENED SLOPE

• WATER

• EARTHQUAKE

• VEGETATION REMOVAL

OVER-STEEPENED SLOPE

• Rapid movements commonly found in steep slopes while are Slow movements are found on gentle slopes.

Vegetation Removal

• The lack of vegetation cover to hold the loose particles

CLASSIFICATION O F MASS WASTING

• Slump

• Solifuction

• EarthFlow

• Mudflow

• Debris Slide

• Debris Flow

• Rock Flow

• Soil Creep

Slump

• Is a type of mass wasting that result in the sliding of coherent rock materials along a curved surface

Solifuction

• Is the slow downhill flow of soil

Mudflow

• Occurs when mod travels down as slope very quickly

Debris Slide

• Is a type of slide characterized by the

• Chaotic movements of rock, soil, and debris mixed with water or ice

Debris Flow

• Is a moving mass of loose sand, soil ,rocks, water, and air that travels down a slope under the influence of gravity

Rock Flow

• Occurs when pieces of rocks break loose from the steep rock face or drift

Soil Creep

• Is a slow gradual movement of soil or regolith downhill overtime?