health 101 chapter 1

WHO definition of health

a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

rates vs. numbers

rates includes measures of time as well as numbers, allows comparisons of disease across locations of very different sizes

incidence vs. prevalence

fruit vs. chocolate, what would you choose

randomized controlled trials

study to understand if treatment of intervention improves disease outcomes, comparisons between the Intervention and control group

statistical signifigance

means when we say that two things are different that result is not likely to have happened by chance, didn’t “just happen”

screening tests

a simple test performed to identify population members who have or are likely codevelop a specified disease, ex) mammograms for breast cancer, blood glucose for diabetes

inequities

lack of fairness, sociocultural inequities impact the populations health

causes of us cities to have significant income gaps between rich and poor

high unemployment rate, lack of economic diversity, relatively uneducated population, most available jobs pay minimum wages

population health

health of a population over the life course

public health

health of a whole society

socio-ecological model

assumes a change in social environment will cause a change at the personal level

levels

individual, interpersonal , organizational

health belief model

explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on individuals attitudes and beliefs

four perceptions

the value of a new behavior in decreasing the risk of developing disease

theory of reasoned action

people consider their actions before they decide their behavior, individuals act upon intentions

theory of planned behavior

persons attitudes to predict the intention, extension of the theory of reasoned action

what three ideas does theory of planned behavior use

a persons attitude will influence their behavior, the normative component, perceived behavior control

normative component

what other people we value would expect

perceived behavior control

the degree to which a person can control the behavior

social cognitive theory

learning occurs in a social contact, much of what we learn comes from watching others

transtheoretical model of change

describes intentional behavior change, people modify their behavior by going through a series of stages

series of stages

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

factors that influence child survival

clean water, nutritious and clean food, access to good primary health

the younger a woman is when she delivers her first child, the worse her economic future is

less likely to finish high school, less likely to marry, earn less money

health across the lifespan adults

coronary heart disease, number one killer in us and globally, cancer, which cell dies and goes awry