Applied Research

Research

Systematic inquiry that explains or describes a phenomenon, predicts an outcome, and poses question for further studies.

Basic Research

A research approach that is entirely theoretical and aimed at improving or expanding the knowledge-base of particular field of study.

Basic Research

It focused on “knowledge for its own sake” and its primarily driven by curiosity and the need to explore the unknown.

Applied Research

It is designed to focus on providing practical solutions to a specific problem. A form of investigation that entails solution-oriented inquiries into a phenomenon, a field of study or research subject generally employing empirical methodologies.

Systematic

Follows an orderly and sequential procedure that leads to the discovery of truth, solution of a problem, or whatever is aimed to be discovered.

Original Work

Except in historical research, data gathered from primary or first-hand sources and not from secondary sources.

Empirical

Based on direct observations and experiments in the natural environment to understand the situation or phenomenon.

Analytical

Analyzes existing facts to critically evaluate and explain complex phenomena. It involves comparing data, looking for patterns, and making conclusions.

Objective, unbiased, and logical

All the finding and conclusions are logically based on empirical data and no effort is made to alter the results of the research.

Controlled

All variables, except those that are tested/experiment on, are kept constant to ensure that the observed results are not just random events.

Employs Hypothesis

Researchers make an educated guess and then test it with data, looking for facts and answers to specific questions or problems.

Questions/Problems

Determine what to research. Formulate the research objective and questions.

Methods

Decide the appropriate approach or research design in dealing with the problem. Collect needed data.

Analyze and Answer

Analyze collected data. Report the research data or create research output.

Ethics

Is considered to deal with beliefs about what is right or wrong, proper or improper, good or bad. Ethical can also be defined as conforming to accepted professional practice.

Informed consent

Inform tour participants about the criteria set for choosing them as informants and the schedule of one-to-one interviews at the convenient time they are available.

Honesty

It reports data, results, methods and procedures, and publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify and misrepresent the data.

Objectivity

Avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research.

Integrity

Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and action.

Carefulness

Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically examine your work and work of peers.

Openness

Share your data, results, ideas, tools, and resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.

Respect for Intellectual Property

Honor latents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other forms of intellectual property. Do not use published or unpublished data, methods, or results without permission. Give credit whete credit is due.

Confidentiality

Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military secrets, and patient records.

Responsible mentoring

Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their own decisions.

Responsible publication

Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to advance your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative research.

Respect for colleagues

Respect your colleagues’ opinion, treat them fairly and do not outsmart others.

Social responsibility

Strive to promote social acceptance and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public education, and advocacy.

Non-discrimination

Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their specific competence and integrity.

Competence

Maintain and improve your professional competence and expertise through lifelong education and learning

Legality

Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and government policies.

Human subjects protection

When conducting a research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and anonymity.