REVIEW (INDUSTRIALIZATION)

thomas Edison

American inventor of electrical, sound technology like the telephone and phonograph

Sherman Antitrust Act

Law that forbids all trusts, monopolies or combinations that limit or restrict interstate trade

lewis Latimer

African American inventor who helped create new process for the incandescent light bulb

political machines

Profited from control of city governments & provided services to immigrants in exchange for their votes

labor union

Organization of workers that sought to improve wages and safer working conditions through collective bargaining

Laissez faire

French term that means "hands-off"; in economics, it means that the government does not get involved in regulating business

social gospel

Movement that called on governments, churches, & private charities to help people

Haymarket Riot

Chicago labor protest that turned deadly after someone threw a bomb at police

Social Darwinism

Much like in nature, success in business is based on natural selection and survival of the fittest

knights of labor

First national labor organization; used boycotts and arbitration to help labor and management reach agreement; demanded the 8-hour workday

Henry Flagler

Industrialist known for building a railroad & hotels on the East Coast of Florida

Strike

Labor's refusal to work as a form of protest over working conditions or wages

Urbanization

Population shifts from rural (country) to urban (city)

Gentlemen's Agreement

Cut off immigration from Japan to the United States

Monopoly

Total control of a business or industry by one person or company

Chinese exclusion Act

Favored by Nativists in Western U.S.; banned almost all immigrants from China

vertical Integration

A business organization that controls all their steps in production

Interstate commerce Act

Law that prevented railroads from charging farmers & merchants high shipping rates

horizontal integration

Combining of the same type of businesses into one corporation

Settlement houses

Places where middle class reformers lived alongside immigrants & the poor and provided them social services

Bessemer process

Used to make steel; reduced the cost of making steelworks industries

Captains of Industry

Industrialists who run big, successful companies during the Second Industrial Revolution

American Federatiog of Labor

Union of skilled workers founded by Samuel Gompers in 1866

Ghettos

Ethnic immigrant neighborhoods: many lived in tenements or crowded dwellings

Madame C.J. Walker

African American inventor of many hair-care products