Mendelian Genetics and Inheritance Patterns

A collection of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to Mendelian genetics and inheritance patterns.

Gregor Mendel

The father of modern genetics who performed controlled matings and statistically analyzed results.

Monohybrid Cross

A cross between true breeding parents that differ in only one trait.

F1 Generation

The first filial generation resulting from a cross between two parental units.

F2 Generation

The second filial generation resulting from the self-fertilization of the F1 generation.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics of an individual, determined by genotype and environmental influences.

Dominant Allele

The allele that is expressed in a heterozygous state.

Recessive Allele

The allele that is only expressed in a homozygous state.

Alleles

Different forms of the same gene.

Segregation

The separation of alleles during gamete formation, ensuring each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Independent Assortment

During gamete formation, alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another.

Test Cross

A cross between an individual displaying a dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive individual to determine the genotype.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

Dihybrid Cross

A cross between two individuals that differ in two traits.

Homozygous

An individual with two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Heterozygous

An individual with two different alleles for a particular gene.

Cystic Fibrosis

An autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, leading to thickened mucus.

Product Rule of Probability

When two independent events occur, the combined probability of both outcomes is the product of their individual probabilities.

Binomial Theorem

A formula that expresses the probabilities of outcomes in situations involving two possible results across multiple trials.

Pedigree

A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotype of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors.