UConn Psych of Women chapter 4-6

Vocabulary terms and their definitions based on lecture notes covering Chapters 4, 5, and 6, including cultural concepts, sexual orientation terminology, linguistic gender patterns, and psychological effect sizes.

Machismo

The ideal manliness of latine culture.

Marianismo

The ideal of womanliness in Latine culture.

Mujerismo

Feminism rooted in the lived experience of latinas.

Native Americans

Indigenous people.

Oppression

A state in which one group has more access to power than another group and the process by which that power is used to maintain the status quo.

Race

Socially constructed system of human classification; problematic as a biological concept as it takes focus off environmental factors.

Racial microaffirmations

Subtle strategies consciously used by people of color to affirm each others value integrity and shared humanity.

Racial microaggressions

Subtle insults directed at people of color consciously or unconsciously, often invisible to the perpetrator.

Racially minoritized

A term describing groups of people who have been marginalized or oppressed because of systematic racism.

Strong Black woman schema

Cultural expectation for black women to show persistent emotional strength, determination, self-reliance and caregiving in the face of adversity and oppression.

Translational equivalence

Whether a scale writing in one language and translated into another has the same meaning in both languages.

Womanism

Feminism rooted in the lived experience of black women and women of color; also called black feminism.

Antigay prejudice

Negative attitudes and behaviors toward gay men and lesbians.

Asexual

Sexual orientation of a person who feels little or no sexual attraction to other people or has no interest in or desire for sexual activities with others.

Bisexual

Attracted to both men and women.

Coming out

The process of exploring, acknowledging and defining one's sexual identity.

Heteronormativity

Belief that heterosexuality is the norm.

Heterosexism

Discrimination or bias against those who are nonheterosexual.

Homophobia

A strong, irrational fear of sexual minority persons.

Lesbian

A woman whose sexual orientation is toward other women.

Pansexual

Sexual orientation of a person who is attracted to people regardless of their gender, eliminating the gender binary of bisexual.

Performativity

Idea that gender and sexual orientation are constructed through a constant set of performances by people.

Queer

A negative slur that has been reclaimed to refer to sexual minorities and non-normative sexual orientation.

Sexual fluidity

Situation-dependent flexibility in women's sexual responsiveness to women or men.

Sexual minority

An umbrella term for all people with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual.

Sexual orientation

A person's erotic and emotional orientation toward members of their own gender or members of another gender.

Acculturation

Multidimensional process by which one adapts the social and cultural values, customs, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors of their heritage culture to those of their host culture.

BIPOC

Acronym for black, indigenous and people of color.

Conceptual equivalence

The construct measured by a scale has the same meaning in all cultures being studied.

Ethnic group

Group of people who share attributes such as common culture, language and geographical origin.

Ethnocentrism

The tendency to regard one's own ethnic group as superior to others and believe that its customs and way of life are the standards by which other cultures should be judged.

Eurocentrism

The tendency to view the world from a european american point of view and to evaluate other ethnic groups in reference to european americans.

Familismo

A core value of latin american cultures, consisting of a sense of commitment, loyalty and connectedness with one's immediate and extended family.

Gendered racism

A form of oppression and bias based simultaneously on both gender and race.

Hispanic

People of spanish decent.

Historical trauma

Cumulative psychological wounding over generations resulting from massive group trauma, such as Native American residential schools and slavery.

Latinas

Female latin american.

Latine

All people of hispanic decent.

Latino

Latin american men.

Latinx

All latin american people.

Affiliative speech

Demonstrates connection to the listener through praise and agreement.

Assertive speech

Aims to influence the listener through instructions, suggestions and criticism.

Contractive posture

Folded arms or making oneself appear smaller.

Different cultures hypoth

Idea that women and men have different purposes in speaking; men assert dominance while women maintain relationships, reflecting gender stereotypes rather than actual differences.

Disclaimers

Phrases like "I may be wrong…" or "I'm not sure but…"

Expansive posture

Open stance that displays power.

Female-as-the-exception phenomenon

Gender is explicitly stated because the assumption is that the person is male (e.g., uconn womans basketball team).

Genderless language

Language where neither nouns or pronouns are differed by gender, reflecting social equality.

Grammatical gender language

Language where nouns are gendered (e.g., Italian nouns having feminine or masculine suffixes).

Hedges

Phrases like "sort of" or "kind of".

Infantilizing

Putting women and children in the same category (e.g., "babe" or referring to women as girls).

Intensifiers

Words like "very", "really", or "vastly" that can reduce the strength of the sentence.

Masculine generics

Using male pronouns to refer to all participants, such as "hey guys".

Misgendering

Assuming one's gender based on the situation or their profession.

Natural gender language

Language where most nouns are genderless (e.g., student, car, house).

Semantic derogation

A word in the masculine form that is slightly changed to make a female form (e.g., bachelor/bachelorette).

Sexist Language

Inappropriate or irrelevant reference to gender.

Tag question

A phrase at the end of a sentence that turns it into a question.

Whorfian hypothesis

The theory that the language we learn has a cognitive impact and contributes to gender inequality.

Communion Effect Size

Moderate effect size of $-0.56$ indicating women exhibit this more than men.

Agency Effect Size

Small to moderate effect size of $0.46$ indicating men exhibit this more than women.

Aggression Effect Size

Effect size of $0.55$ in adulthood and $0.61$ in childhood, with men/boys being more aggressive.

Helping Effect Size

Small-moderate effect size of $0.34$ showing men are more helpful due to heroic and chivalrous expectations.

Self-esteem Effect Size

Small effect size where men have higher self-esteem, with differences decreasing as people age.

Anxiety Effect Size

Effect size of $-0.38$, indicating women are small to moderate more anxious.