PSY 238 Exam 4

chapter 11-14

Anorexia nervosa is a(n)

eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

In Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the_____ stage is proposed as the fourth and final stage.

Formal operational

According to a national survey_____ boys exercised the most,_____ girls the least.

non latino white; black american

The majority of unintentional injuries in adolescence involve

motor vehicle accidents

In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty-first century, U.S. high school dropout rates

declined

The_____, where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence, and this improves adolescents' ability to process information.

corpus callosum

A girl’s first menstruation is called

menarche

_____ is a hormone associated in boys with genital development, increased height, and a deepening of the voice.

testosterone

Since the 1950s, the adolescent suicide rate has

tripled

The peak rate of pubertal change occurs at_____ years for girls and_____ years for boys.

11.5; 13.5

What is a school-related reason for leaving school

being expelled

According to David Elkind, the personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent

egocentrism

In the formal operational stage, adolescents begin to think more as a scientist thinks, devising plans to solve problems and systematically testing solutions. This type of problem solving requires

hypothetical-deductive reasoning

_____ proposed that around 7 years of age, children enter the concrete operational stage of cognitive development

Jean Piaget

What term refers to a heightened self-consciousness among adolescents

adolescent egocentrism

According to Jean Piaget, around age 11, the fourth stage of cognitive development begins—the_____ stage.

formal operational

Recent research revealed that_____ parenting was linked to lower adolescent alcohol consumption and cigarette use.

authoritative

Based on the age of onset, when is anorexia nervosa most likely to begin?

early to middle adolescent years

During the beginning of the_____ stage, when assimilation dominates, an adolescent's thoughts are full of idealism and possibilities.

formal operational

The mean age at the beginning of the growth spurt in girls is

9

What is the third leading cause of death in 10 to 19 year olds in the US

suicide

A longitudinal study (Liu & Lachman, 2019) indicated that a low SES in childhood is associated with_____ in middle and late adulthood.

lower cognitive function

Eriksonian researcher James Marcia reasons that Erikson's theory of identity development contains_____ of identity, or ways of resolving an identity crisis.

four statuses

According to the text, adolescent media use has_____ in the last decade.

increased dramatically

At which grade level does conformity to peers peak?

eigth and ninth grades

Sullivan argued that the need for_____ intensifies during early adolescence, motivating teenagers to seek out close friends.

intimacy

In 2019,_____ percent of U.S. adolescent girls attempted suicide, compared with_____ percent of adolescent boys (Underwood & others, 2020).

11; 6.6

According to Livingston, in 2019, 15- to 17-year-olds spent how long each day, on average, engaging in screen time?

3 hours and 4 minutes

Identity_____ is the status of individuals who have made a commitment but not experienced a crisis.

foreclosure

what is the last stage of the development of romantic relationships in adolescence

consolidating dyadic romantic bonds

which program type is linked to a reduction in delinquency

family therapy

at __ years of age, romantic relations are characterized by strong emotional bonds more closely resembling those in adult romantic relationships

17 to 19

what is Ericksons 5th developmental stage

identity vs identity confusion

what is mainly driving the increased media use by adolescents

cell phones

what is a term that most researchers use to describe crisis

exploration

according to erik erikson which developmental stage is experienced by an individual during adolescence

identity vs identity confusion

early-onset antisocial behavior is defined as antisocial behavior before age

11

Recent data (Geyser, 2021) indicate that in 2020, 16- to 24-year-old girls preferred

instagram

fast track is an intervention program that attempts to lower the risk of

juvenile delinquency

"Jocks" who are good at sports or "druggies" who take drugs are examples of

crowds

Muscle tone and strength usually begin to show signs of decline around the age of_____.

30

according to piaget, what is the final stage of cognitive development

the formal operational stage

what statement is true about creativity

researchers have found that creativity peaks in adulthood then declines

Emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are

sexually active and unmarried

what is true about drinking

higher levels of alcohol are usually linked with higher rates of sexual assault and sexual risk taking.

Ramya is a business analyst by profession. She works in a highly stressful environment. Her manager often yells at her and fails to appreciate her when she completes her tasks on time. Based on research in the text, she

will be less productive because of stress

women who have experienced sexual assault are more likely to suffer from all of the following EXCEPT

increasing attachment in romantic relationships

According to Jean Piaget, which of the following characterizes the thinking of 7- to 11-year-olds?

concrete operational

According to the national survey conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, today's college students are_____ than students in previous generations.

more depressed

Research (Andraka-Christou & others, 2020) revealed that most bad health habits that were engaged in during adolescence_____ in emerging adulthood.

increased

In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is

holding a more or less permanent full time job

More than 1,000 colleges in the United States offer cooperative (co-op) programs, which are

paid apprenticeships in a field that students are interested in pursuing

Sustained exercises such as jogging or swimming that stimulate heart and lung activity are known as

aerobic exercises

what was a change seen in the division of responsibility for work and family when more US women took jobs outside of the home

US men started showing greater interest in their families and parenting

One of the most strongly supported interventions for binge eating disorder (BED) is

interpersonal therapy

what was a key finding of research on the mortality rates of emerging adults (Park & others, 2006)

the mortality rate of emerging adults is more than twice the mortality rate of adolescents

Research has revealed that college students from low-SES backgrounds_____ than their higher-SES counterparts (VanKim & Laska, 2012).

engaged in lower levels of physical activity

which athlete is most likely to peak the earliest

a swimmer

With obesity on the rise, the text notes that_____ has become an obsession with many Americans.

dieting

Most of us reach our peak physical performance

before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26

Two people are in a love relationship. The woman has appraised their relationship and fully intends to maintain it even when faced with problems. The woman believes that the man also loves her and will stand by her through life's ups and downs. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, which of the following dimensions of love is emphasized in this scenario?

commitment

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of love,_____ is physical and sexual attraction to another.

passion

"My friend is so excited about a new guy she met," says a woman. "I guess it makes sense because he's really a geek." Based on the concept of consensual validation, we can expect that this woman

thinks that her friend is also a geek

A passionate couple is physically and sexually attracted to one another. They know that they can count on each other during the ups and downs of life, and they intend to maintain their relationship in the face of problems. However, they lack feelings of warmth or closeness toward each other and avoid sharing their thoughts. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, they are most likely experiencing

fatuous love

According to recent studies, which of the following individuals showed lower levels of depressive symptoms?

adults with a secure attachment style

_____ love is the type of love that occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the person.

companionate

After three years of being in an intimate relationship with her boyfriend, a woman realizes that although she still feels passion for her boyfriend, she now desires to simply have him close to her. She cares for him a great deal and has deep feelings for him. These additional feelings she is experiencing are qualities of

affectionate love

what do men rate the least important in women

maintaining a steady job

According to E. Mavis Hetherington, the_____ were mostly women who "grew more competent, well-adjusted, and self-fulfilled" following their divorce.

enhancers

Two classmates, Kristin and Evan have fallen in love with each other. Kristin feels intense passion for Evan and gets extremely jealous when she sees him talk to other girls in their class. She also has a strong sexual desire for him. In this early part of their relationship, Kristin is most likely experiencing

romantic love

A woman breaks up with her boyfriend. Although she is extremely upset and heartbroken, she realizes that when she was with her boyfriend, she had completely ignored her friends. She now understands the importance of her friends and apologizes to them. She also realizes that she has more time now, and she takes up the dance classes that she was always interested in. In this scenario, she is experiencing_____ changes following her breakup.

relational positive

According to research, which of the following is one of the most important characteristics men look for in a partner?

similar ideas about having and raising children

_____ adults have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships.

securely attached

Research indicates that links between early attachment styles and later attachment styles are_____ by stressful and disruptive experiences.

lessened

Amy is not overly stressed out about her relationship with her girlfriend Leah. She trusts her and is sure that if there are any problems, they can talk it through and come to an understanding. Which of the following best describes Amy's attachment style?

secure

Two colleagues are attracted to each other and have an affair with each other. However, they do not have feelings for each other and do not intend to maintain or appraise the relationship. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, this love relationship is best categorized as

infatuation

Erikson describes_____ as finding oneself while losing oneself in another person, and it requires a commitment to another person.

intimacy

In his meeting with a counselor, a teenager revealed that he was uncomfortable being close to others. He finds it difficult to trust people completely and doesn't allow himself to depend completely on them. He gets nervous if someone tries to get too intimate with him. It seems likely that this teen has which type of attachment style?

avoidant

A woman’s ex-boyfriend describes her as clingy and dependent. During their relationship, she always told him that she loved him and wanted to rush into marriage. She also kept tabs on him and was jealous of all his female friends and colleagues. The ex-girlfriend seems to have a(n)_____ attachment style.

anxious

In Hetherington's research on divorced individuals, the_____ were competent in multiple areas of life and showed a remarkable ability to bounce back from stressful circumstances and to create something meaningful out of problems.

enhancers

The Family Matters program was designed to help families of adolescents to reduce the amount of

ciagrette and alcohol use

A cross-cultural comparison found that among 21 countries,_____ had the lowest adolescent pregnancy rate among 15- to 19-year-olds.

switzerland

In the context of cognitive control, having confidence in one's ability to adapt one's thinking to a particular situation is an aspect of

self-efficacy

Most anorexic individuals are young adult females from

families with functional problems

National data indicated that 12- to 19-year-olds who were obese increased from 12 percent of boys in 1994 to what percentage by 2018?

nearly 22 percent

A recent Korean study of more than 30,000 girls found that early menarche was associated with

increased risk-taking

what hormone is associated with breast, uterine, and skeletal development in girls

estriadol

Recent research (Fadus, Smith, & Squeglia, 2019) suggests that_____ is/are serving as a gateway for adolescent smoking of marijuana.

e-cigarettes

If_____ are not developed during childhood, critical-thinking skills are unlikely to mature in adolescence.

fundamental skills

_____ are powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.

hormones

what is the last male pubertal characteristic to emerge

growth of facial hair

In which of the following groups is death through homicide especially common in adolescence?

black american males

Which theorist proposed the "storm-and-stress" view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings?

G.Stanley Hall

adolescent use of alcohol has recently shown

a sizeable decline

Which of the following terms refers to being aware of the options and alternatives that are available and adapting to the situation?

cognitive flexibility

Which of the following qualifies as binge drinking, as defined in the University of Michigan surveys?

having five or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks

In_____ executive function, psychological processes involve conscious control driven by logical thinking and critical analysis.

cool

Which of the following are an example of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC)?

contraceptive implants

In a study of 13- to 19-year-olds in Singapore, short sleep duration of less than 7 hours on school nights was associated with low

levels of motivation

_____ learning is a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.

service