1 GEN PHYS- EXAM 3RD QUARTER

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

Any of the many self-contained units of matter or energy that are the fundamental building blocks of all matter are subatomic particl also known as elementary particles.

Electrons

The negatively charged, almost massless particles that still make up the majority of an atom's size

Protons

The particle possesses an electrical charge that is positive and opposite to the electron’s

Neutron

The particle comes from the fact that it is electrically neutral and devoid of charge. The densest particles are neutrons.

Electric Charges

In an atom, the subatomic particles provide the net charges . An electrically neutral atom contains an equal number of protons and electrons.

IMBALANCE OF AN ATOM

When the atoms of an element have extra neutrons or protons it creates extra energy in the nucleus and causes the atom to become unbalanced or unstable.

CATIONS

are positive ions (more protons than electrons)

ANIONS

- are negative ions (more electrons than protons)

atom of matter

When the number of protons in the nucleus is different from the number of electrons around that nucleus, an electrical charge develops in the __________

Charging by Rubbing

An electrically neutral body can gain charge by rubbing or frictions. Consider two different uncharged bodies. Because of their material compositions, the nuclei of their atoms pull their electrons with different strengths.

Triboelectric Series

⮚ The charge acquired by rubbed materials can be determined using the _______

⮚ It is a list of common materials that were experimented on and found to behave in a predictable way

Charging by Rubbing

Rubbing two objects will result in the wearing off of electrons from the object that weekly holds its electrons. This teachers you that you should hold on to what matters most in your life unless you are willing to let it go.

Charging by Conduction

The process by which electrons are moved from one thing to another. direct interaction Charging via Induction: Electrons can react to the electric field of a charged item without contacting it (similar to when you rub your feet on the carpet, but the charges go to your hands.)

Charging by Conduction

Conduction shows how a strongly charged body can induce in a neutrally charged body, Similarly, being around strongly positive people has a good effect on your perspective in life.

Charging by Induction

An object is charged without ever coming into contact with another charged object. In the charging by induction procedure, the charged particle is kept close to a conductive substance that is grounded on a neutrally charged material and is electrically neutral.

Electric Dipole

A pair of opposite charges, q and -q, separated by a certain amount of space, d, are referred to as an electric dipole. Electric dipoles in space always point from negative charge -q to positive charge q by default. The dipole's center is defined as the intersection of q and -q.

Polarization

it is the process wherein electrically neutrals body becomes polar by the rearrangement of its molecules

Point Dipoles

- refers to atoms bearing a positive side and a negative side. In such atoms and electrons converge or gather on one side and the protons on the other.

Molecular Dipoles

- this type of dipoles involves a molecule having a negatively charged side and positively charge side.

Instantaneous or Temporarily Dipole

- is an atom or molecule with most of it negative charges shifted only one side as a result of their random movement