CH 2 Quiz

What is complimentary base pairing?

• Thymine & adenine

• Guanine & cytosine

• Thymine replaces uracil

What are the names of the nitrogenous bases?

DNA pairing

• adenine (A)- Thymine (T)

• Guanine (G)- Cytosine (C)

• 
  

RNA pairing

• Adenine (A)- Uracil (U)

• G- C

Define gene

• a portion of DNA that codes for a particular protein

What codon should you start at?

• AUG ( adenine/ uracil/ guanine)

Define anion

• negative charge

• Bc they have gained an electron

Define cation

• positive charge

• Bc have lost an electron

How do you predict the direction of as chemical reaction based on the law of mass action?

• reaction rates are proportional to the concentration of reactions

• +P+-L= -PL

How do you identify an acid and a base in a chemical reaction?

• acid: accepts a pair of electrons

• Base: donates a pair of electrons

Describe the structures of the 4 major classes of biomolecules

• carbs- sugars, monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

• Lipids- non polar, some have areas on molec that are polar called amphipathic, 4 classes- triglycerides, phospholipids, eicosanoids, steroids

• Proteins- do all the work, polymer of amino acids

• Nucleotides

• describe the primary structures of proteins

• primary: amino acids are linked via peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain

Describe the secondary structures of proteins

hydrogens of polypeptides interact w/each other to form either an a helix or b pleated sheet

Describe the tertiary structures of proteins

more folding due to the interactions of R groups

Describe the quaternary structures of proteins

arrangement of more that one polypeptide chain in a single protein

Describe the structure & function of each type of organelle

• nucleus- control center containing DNA, genetic blueprints, codes protein

• Mitochondria- “powerhouse” generates energy (ATP) by breaking down organic material, part of cell respiration

• Ribosomes- nonmembrous organelle that synthesizes proteins from mRNA

• Endoplasmic reticulum- synthesize lipids, proteins, carbs- cisternae store products- transport- detox

• Golgi apparatus- packs enzymes for cytosol, renew plasma mem, synthesize & package secretions

• Lysosomes- contains digestive enzymes