Test #5 (Feudalism, Plague, Crusades, and China)

Pepin

The very first Carolingian King.

Carolingian Dynasty

This Frank dynasty established a sense of political unity in Europe at the beginning of the Middle Ages.

Charlemagne

This individual was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800 AD.

Feudalism

The dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service.

Fiefs

The term given for feudal land.

Serfs

An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.

Lord

The individual that was placed in charge of a fief.

Manor

The term used to describe the economically self-sufficient system that developed in a feudal fief.

Requirements of Feudal Lord

Maintain Order, Provide Housing, Protect Inhabitants

Clergy

The only members of medieval Catholicism that could interpret the scripture.

Latin

During medieval Europe, Bibles were written in this language.

7 Sacraments

These were rituals that were required by the church in order to achieve salvation.

Canon Law

Law placed on believers by the Roman Catholic Church, which, when violated, led to torture and execution.

Heretics

People who oppose the church and its teachings.

Lay Investiture

The appointment of religious officials (usually friends) by monarchs.

Gothic Cathedrals

Religious buildings created in Europe between the mid-12th century and the beginning of the 16th century.

True

Trade and urbanization began to increase in about 800 AD due to a warm spell in the climate.

Three Field System

A system of land cultivation under which the land is divided into three parts of which one or two in rotation lie fallow in each year and the rest are cultivated

Heavy Plow

This technological advancement increased food production due to its ability to cut into the ground more easily.

Commercial Revolution

This time period in Europe was a period of economic growth, population increase, etc.

Regional Fairs

Events held in large towns in order to promote commerce during the commercial revolution.

Guilds and Banks

These businesses developed out of the commercial revolution.

Loans

These were provided by banks in order to assist those who sought business growth during the commercial revolution.

Venice & Florence

These cities became independent republics as a result of the commercial revolution.

Bourgeoisie

This new ruling social class developed out of the commercial revolution.

Bubonic Plague

A disease that attacks the immune system and lymph nodes of an individual, leading to sores, septic shock, and death.

Antibiotics

The common treatment for the Bubonic Plague.

⅓ to ½

The amount of Europe's population that was killed by the Plague.

Fleas on Rats

This was the physical carrier of the plague from Asia to Europe.

Effects of Bubonic Plague

Decreased Population, Decreased Trade, Increased Prices

The Crusades

A series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period.

Seljuk Turks

In 1037, this group established an empire in the Middle East and became a threat to the Byzantines.

Religious Motivation

This motivation for the Crusades was led by the promise that participants would receive salvation into Heaven.

Economic Motivation

This motivation was attractive to the younger sons of families as a means of finding their own way.

Political Motivation

This motivation was attractive to the Pope as a means of creating a common enemy and a potential for regaining full control over all Christians and the entire church.

Arab

Greek philosophy was reintroduced in this language during the Crusades.

Lasting Animosity

The Crusades left a long impression of this on the Middle East, which is still felt to some extent in modern-day.

Shogun

A supreme military leader in Japanese culture.

Shogunate

The hereditary military dictatorship of Japan.

Tokugawa Shogunate

A time of peace and stability in Japan, which saw a rise of a type of feudalism.

Daimyo

Japanese feudal lords

Samurai

During the Tokugawa Shogunate, these individuals were bureaucrats rather than simply fighters.

Mathew Perry

This American bureaucrat opened back up trade with Japan in 1850.

Meiji Restoration

A political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868.

Qing Dynasty

Chinese society, beginning in 1644 that separated people by class and ethnicity.

Good/Mean people

Descendants of the imperial line/Chinese society and remnants of indigenous groups

Hereditary professions in Qing Dynasty

Bannermen, brewers, dyers, doctors, navigators, and daoist priests

Civil Service Examination

a means for a young male of any class to enter that bureaucracy and so become a part of the gentry class of scholar-officials.

Opium crisis in China

A shift in the social structure which was caused by a mass addiction to opium, which lead in to a decline in the power of the traditional elite, a rise in foreign influence, and economic instablility.

Ming Social Structure

a hereditary social system of Shi (scholar-gentrys), Nong (peasant farmers), Gong (artisans), and Shang (merchants)