Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Reviewer

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions for volcanic hazards, monitoring systems, landslides, sinkholes, weather forecasting tools, and fire safety based on the comprehensive reviewer.

Pyroclastic Flow

A very fast-moving mixture of hot gases, ash, and rock fragments that moves rapidly down the slopes of a volcano.

Lava Flow

Molten rock that flows out of a volcano.

Sulfur Dioxide

A volcanic gas (SO₂) that can contribute to the formation of acid rain.

Debris Avalanche

The rapid movement of rock, soil, and volcanic materials down a slope caused by a partial collapse of a volcano.

Tsunami

Large sea waves generated by major ocean disturbances, such as volcanic collapse or eruption.

Ground Deformation

Bulging or changing ground around a volcano, indicating moving or accumulating underground magma.

PHIVOLCS

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology; monitors volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic activity.

Alert Level 0

The lowest PHIVOLCS alert level, indicating a volcano is at normal or background level of activity.

Alert Level 5

The highest PHIVOLCS alert level, indicating that a hazardous eruption is ongoing.

Active Volcano

A volcano that has erupted within the past 10,000 years according to the classification used in the lesson.

Hazard Map

A map showing areas that may potentially be affected by a particular hazard.

Landslide

The movement of soil, rock, or debris down a slope due to gravity.

Reforestation

Planting or restoring trees in areas where forests were removed to improve slope stability and reduce landslide risk.

Soil Creep

A type of landslide movement that occurs very slowly downslope over a long period.

Sinkhole

A depression or hole formed when the ground collapses into an underground cavity, commonly associated with dissolving limestone.

Cover-Collapse Sinkhole

A sinkhole formed when overlying material suddenly collapses into an underground cavity.

Cover-Subsidence Sinkhole

A sinkhole that develops gradually as overlying sediments slowly settle into underground spaces.

PAGASA

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration; provides weather forecasts, warnings, and climate information.

Daluyong ng Bagyo

Storm surge; an abnormal rise of seawater caused mainly by strong winds and low atmospheric pressure associated with a tropical cyclone.

Dissipating Stage

The final stage of a thunderstorm where downdrafts dominate and the storm weakens.

El Niño

Unusually warm ocean temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, often leading to reduced rainfall and drought in the Philippines.

Flood Map

A map showing areas that are likely to experience or be affected by flooding.

Doppler Radar

A weather observation tool that detects precipitation and provides information about the movement and intensity of weather systems.

Climate Type IV

A Philippine climate classification where rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year.

Thermometer

An instrument used to measure temperature.

Barometer

An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.

Hygrometer

An instrument used to measure relative humidity.

Rain Gauge

An instrument used to measure the amount of rainfall received in an area.

Thermograph

An instrument used to record air temperature continuously.

Radiosonde

An instrument used for upper-atmosphere measurements.

Fire Triangle

The three basic components required for a fire to start and maintain combustion: Heat, Fuel, and Oxygen.

Spontaneous Combustion

Ignition that occurs when a material generates heat through internal chemical reactions until it ignites without an external flame.

Class D Fire

A fire involving combustible metals (such as magnesium, sodium, or titanium) requiring a dry powder extinguisher.