Unit 3

Extensive Property

Physical property that depends on the amount of matter present.

Intensive Property

Property that depends on the type of matter.

Physical Properties

Can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.

Chemical Properties

Can only be observed during a chemical reaction.

Pure Substances

Are all homogenous, and there are two types an element and a compound.

An element

is a pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically.

A compound

is 2 or more elements chemically combined.

Mixtures

Three types: Solutions, suspensions, and Mechanical Mixtures.

A solution

Is a homogenous mixture which can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas.

A suspension

is a heterogenous mixture of liquids and solids.

A Mechanical Mixture

is a heterogenous mixture where the compounds retain their characteristic properties, and they can be picked apart by hand.

Hand Separation

is a method where one can use a sieve, magnet, tweezers, etc., to separate the components of a mechanical mixture.

Filtration

is a method that allows the separation of liquid from solid. The material that remains is called the residue and the liquid is called the filtrate.

Distillation

is a method of used to separate a liquid from a solution or a solid. The mixture is heated to produce a vapour which is then cooled and collected, separate from the original solution.

Fractional Distillation

is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. This technique is used for producing wax, oil, and alcohol.

Evaporation

is a method of separation that involves allowing a liquid to evaporate from a liquid-solid mixture. It is used for collecting solids from liquids.

Solvent Extraction

is a method of separation used when there is a mixture of two liquids with different densities and the liquids are immiscible. (When two liquids are miscible, it means they are soluble with each other and mix. When two liquids are immiscible, it means they are insoluble with each other and do not mix.)

Gravity Filtration

is a technique used to separate solids from liquids, such as blood cells from plasma, using a centrifuge.

Chromatography

separates solids within a liquid solution. For example, separating dye into its components.

Homogenous Mixture

A solution is a type of homogenous mixture. One or more substances dissolved in another.

Heterogenous Mixture

The different parts of a heterogenous mixture can be easily seen and picked out.

Compound

Atoms of 2 or more different elements.

Element

Atoms of only 1 element (may be 2 or more atoms of the same element bonded together)

Viscosity

The resistance of a fluid to flow.

Diffusion

The intermingling of fluids as a result of motion within the fluid this applies to both gases and liquid.

Hardness

The ability of a solid to resist scratches.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure created by the vapor evaporating from a liquid.

Brittle

The sensitivity of a substance or mixturesw to breaking upon shock/pressure.

Viscous

High resistance to fluidity.

Fluid

Low resistance to flowing