Clinical psych final exam

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Short-term psychodynamic therapy

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Description and Tags

WLU PS381

83 Terms

1

Short-term psychodynamic therapy

Focus on increasing awareness of unconscious processes, helping clients understand/change these processes. Face-to-face, 1-2 times a week, 16-30 sessions

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Interpretive interventions

These interventions interpret experiences, allowing self-awareness.

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3

Transference

The unconscious application of expectations and emotional experiences based on important early relationships.

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4

Countertransference

The therapist's emotional reaction to the client.

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5

Supportive intervention

An intervention that emphasizes the development of a therapeutic alliance, goal-setting, and strengthening psychosocial resources.

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6

Interpersonal psychotherapy

A therapy that emphasizes the role of interpersonal elements in the development, maintenance, and alteration of psychological problems.

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7

Process-experiential therapy

A therapy that focuses on increasing awareness of emotions, expressing them, and transforming maladaptive behaviors.

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8

Cognitive behavioral therapy

A therapy that emphasizes the role of thoughts and behaviors in psychological problems and focuses on altering beliefs, expectations, and behaviors.

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9

Self-efficacy

The sense of competence to learn and perform new tasks, often found to be the best predictor of behavior.

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10

Collaborative empiricism

The process of developing strategies with the client to concretely test dysfunctional beliefs.

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11

Self-administered treatments

Treatments that clients engage in with little or no contact with a mental health professional.

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12

Telehealth

The delivery of healthcare services online, such as through phone or video.

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13

Stepped care

An approach where lower-cost interventions are offered first and then escalated if they are not effective.

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14

Randomized control trial (RCT)

A study in which participants are randomly assigned to two or more treatment conditions.

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15

Meta-analysis

Procedures for summarizing the results of research studies

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16

Effect size

A measure that allows for the combination and analysis of research results in standardized units.

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17

Publication bias

The tendency for journalists to selectively publish research with statistically significant results.

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18

Clinical practice guidelines

Guidelines based on the best available research to assist in making assessment and treatment decisions.

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19

Empirically supported treatment (EST)

Psychotherapy that has been found effective in the treatment of specific conditions.

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20

Therapeutic alliance

The quality and strength of the collaborative relationship between client and therapist.

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21

Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Relationship

Elements of the therapy relationship that have demonstrated effectiveness, including alliance, cohesion, empathy, and collecting feedback.

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22

Transtheoretical Model of Change

A model that describes the stages of change individuals go through when making behavioral changes, including precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and relapse/lapse.

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23

Disability

Impairment, limitation, and participation restriction that affects an individual's functioning and is determined by the interaction between health and contexts.

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24

Biopsychosocial Model

A model that takes into account biological, individual, and social factors when understanding health and illness.

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25

Clinical Health Psychology

Training in clinical and health psychology, more involved in assessment, diagnosis and treatment.

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26

Acute Pain

Short-term unpleasant sensation that serves a useful function.

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27

Chronic Pain

Pain that persists for more than 6 months.

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28

Sleep Hygiene

Engaging in good sleep habits to promote healthy sleep.

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29

Neuropsychology

The study of the relationship between the brain and behavior.

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30

Clinical Neuropsychology

The application of knowledge in the assessment and remediation of neurological injury or illness.

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31

Functional Model

The idea that different areas of the brain interact to produce behavior.

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32

Neuroanatomy

The study of normal brain function.

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33

Neuropathology

The ways injuries and diseases affect the brain.

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34

Pharmacology

The ways environmental toxins, chemotherapy, and drugs affect brain functioning.

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35

Capacity Assessment

Used in determining whether someone is incapable of managing their property, or of granting or revoking a power of attorney, etc

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36

Forensic Psychology

The practice of applying scientific, technical, or specialized knowledge of psychology to the law in assisting legal, contractual, administrative and judicial matters.

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37

Risk Assessment

The prediction of the likelihood of reoffending.

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38

Risk Principle

The principle of matching the level of service to the offender's risk to reoffend.

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39

Need Principle

The principle of assessing criminogenic needs and targeting them in treatment.

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40

Responsivity Principle

Offender's ability to learn from rehabilitative intervention (CBT) and tailoring the intervention to their motivation, abilities, and strengths.

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41

Psychological Treatment for Insomnia (CBT-I)

A treatment approach that includes sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction, and cognitive interventions to address insomnia.

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42

Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R)

The most commonly used forensic test for assessing psychopathy. 20 item scale, max score of 40, 1% in the general pop (half as many women as men), 15-25% of those in prison meet the criteria for Psychopathy.

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43

Static-99

A risk assessment tool used to predict the risk of reoffending.

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44

MMPI-2

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, a commonly used psychological assessment tool.

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45

WAIS

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, used in assessing adolescents on trial.

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46

Diminished Capacity defence

Defenses used when an individual's mental condition interferes with their ability to understand the nature and consequences of their actions.

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47

Lie Detection (Polygraph)

Measure responses like heart rate, blood pressure, sympathetic nervous system activity, and skin conductivity to detect lying

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48

Guilty Knowledge Test

A test in which critical information about a crime is withheld and multiple-choice questions are asked to assess the individual's knowledge.

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49

open trials

initial exploratory treatment study where no control group is used

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50

benchmarking strategy

data from empirical studies to provide a comparison against the effectiveness of a clinical service

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51

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

pattern of persistent negativistic/hostile behavior evident before age 8

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52

conduct disorder (CD)

pattern of serious violation of rights of others (aggression, destructiveness and deceitfulness)

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53

gray literature

unpublished research

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54

Coercive exchanges

Interactions where the parent unintentionally rewards the child for whining or aggression (withdrawal command or give attention) and rewarding by giving attention and rewarding by giving into complaints

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55

Positive reinforcement

consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated

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56

multisystemic therapy (MST)

approach to treat disturbed teens by intervening in the multiple systems they’re involved in

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57

ecological theory

examines a young person’s functioning the the multiple contexts they live in (family, school, etc)

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58

psychoeducation

teaching psychological concepts to clients in an accessible manner

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59

process research

examine patterns, with therapists and/or client data that is evident across sessions

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60

common factors

therapeutic elements that occur in all/most treatments are is believed to be critical for successful client outcomes

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61

reactance

tendency to react against attemtpts to directly influence one’s behaviour

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62

integrative treatment models

models that explicitly incorporate aspects of multiple theoretical approaches, and frequently common factors

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63

What to do if there is no evidence-based treatment that matches the clients needs?

adopt, adapt, abandon

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64

health psychologists

Professionals who study how psychological factors influence health and well-being.

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65

contextual factors

individual and external characteristics, legal and social structures

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66

interpersonal psychotherapy for depression (IPT)

Emphasizes understanding and resolving conflicts, grief, role transitions, and social isolation. Brief weekly sessions for 3-4 months

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67

experimental therapy

12-20 sessions to help treat depression, couples distress, survivors of childhood abuse, (mixed on anxiety)

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68

CBT

8-30 sessions, use of journalling and thought monitoring

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69

strongest effects of therapeutic approach in order

Cognitive therapy, CBT, Behavioral therapy, Psychodynamic therapy, Humanistic therapy

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70

Types of clinical trials

high-quality RCTs, imperfect RCTs, open trials, meta analyses, qualitative literature reviews, and statements not based on research evidence 

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71

parenting programs

4-8 weeks (longer for kids with CD), use of manual, parents agree on some rules that will be imposted consistently

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72

Multi-systemic therapy- (Parenting Programs (MST))

lasting 3-5 months, offered at home or school, therapist available 24/7, works in teams of 3-5, case loads of 3-5 families

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73

Coping with Depression in Adolescence (CWDA)

16 two hour sessions over 8 weeks, homework, quizzes

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74

clinical neuropsychologists knowledge requirements

neuroanatomy, physiology, pharmacology, human neuropsych and neuropathology, neurological assessment, clinical neuropsych intervention techniques, neuropsych and developmental psych

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75

clinical neuropsychologists most used tests

(WAIS-IV), Wechsler Memory Scale-4, and Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-3

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76

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)

combo of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) and alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD), CNS issues, facial features (flat nasal bridge & midface, thin upper lip, small head), problems with learning, attention, memory, hearing and communication

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77

Alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)

Difficulty with behaviour regulation, poor school performance, difficulties in cognitive processes (attention, memory, impulse control)

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78

Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD)

Have problems with kidney or heart function, hearing difficulties and abnormalities in their bone structure and health

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79

client in the forensic psych

justice system, court, insurance agency

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80

methods of assessment in forensic

Psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R)— most used, Static-99, MMPI-2, WAIS is used in 50% of assessments of adolescents on trial, Projective tests (rarely used)

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81

Reasons for diminished capacity defence

Physician gave meds that interfered with ability to know right from wrong, disease of mind/mental, Wrong-doing due to intoxication – no longer a defense in Canada

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82

Risk-need responsivity (RNR) model

Intervention match individual's risk level, addresses their criminogenic needs, and adapt intervention to fit each person and reduce recidivism.

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83

Process-outcome research

Investigating the connection between how therapy is done and how well it works.

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