733 Internal Organ Anatomy

skeletal system and movement

provides the rigid structural framework and levers that bones and joints require for motion

muscular system and movement

generates the active contractile forces and mechanical work needed to move body parts

nervous system and movement

controls and coordinates muscle activation timing, balance, and motor commands

cardiovascular system and movement

supplies active muscles with vital oxygen and nutrients while cleaning metabolic waste

respiratory system and movement

exchanges gases to provide the oxygen required during physical exertion

endocrine system and movement

releases hormones that regulate energy metabolism and cellular activity during exercise

integumentary system and movement

protects underlying structures and helps dissipate the heat generated by movement

lymphatic/immune system and movement

drains extra fluid from tissues and removes metabolic waste

which internal organs belong to the cardiovascular system

heart, great vessels, pericardial sac

which internal organs belong to the pulmonary/respiratory system

lungs, trachea, diaphragm

which internal organs belong to the lymphatic/immune system

spleen, thymus, and node clusters in the neck, armpit, and groin

which internal organs belong to the endocrine/metabolic systems

pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads

which internal organs belong to the integumentary system

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

which internal organs belong to the digestive system

stomach, liver, small and large intestines, pacreas

which internal organs belong to the urogential system

kidneys, ureter, bladder

which internal organs belong to the reproductive system

female: ovaries and uterus

male: prostate

shared space: bladder in front, rectum in back

R hypochondriac region

• liver

• gallbladder

• R kidney

Epigastric region

• liver

• upper stomach

• pancreas

• portions of both kidneys

L hypochondriac region

• left tip of liver

• left side of stomach

• spleen

• tail of pancreas

• Left kidney

R lumbar region

• inferior tip of liver

• ascending colon

• hepatic flexure/right colic flexure

• start of transverse colon

• small intestines

umbilical region

• inferior stomach

• pancreas

• transverse colon

• small intestines

• majority of duodenum

L lumbar region

• small intestines

• Left kidney

• end of transverse colon

• descending colon

• splenic flexure/left colic flexure

R iliac region

• small intestines

• appendix

• cecum

• ascending colon

• R ovary and fallopian tube

Hypogastric region

• small intestines

• sigmoid colon

• bladder

• uterus

• prostate/deferens/seminal vesicle

L iliac region

• small intestines

• sigmoid colon

• descending colon

• L ovary and falopian tube

R upper quadrant

• R lobe of liver

• gallbladder'

• right kidney

• part of pancreas

• duodenum

• end of ascending colon

• hepatic flexure/right colic flexure

• first half of transverse colon

L upper quadrant

• Spleen

• Parts of pancreas

• L kidney

• Stomach

• L side of liver

• Second half of transverse colon

• Splenic flexure/left colic flexure

• Start of descending colon

R lower quadrant

• Appendix

• Cecum

• Ascending colon

• Small intestines

• R ovary & fallopian tube

• R ureter

• R spermatic cord

• R half of bladder

L lower quadrant

• small intestines

• descending colon

• sigmoid colon

• left half of bladder

• Left ovary and fallopian tube

• Left ureter

• Left spermatic cord

thoracic cavity

hollow space enclosed by the ribs, spine, and sternum, and separated from the abdomen and diaphragm (heart, lungs, great vessels, esophagus in transit)

abdominopelvic cavity

located below the diaphragm, it combines the abdominal and pelvic cavities into one continuous ventral compartment housing vital digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs

diaphragm

forms the physical boundary separating the thoracic cavity above from the abdominal cavity(everything digestive, urogenital, and reproductive) below.

pleural cavities

thin fluid filled space between the two layers of tissue that surround each lung

visceral pleura

the inner layer that wraps tightly around the inside of the lungs

parietal pleura

the outer layer that lines the inside of the chest wall and the top of the diaphragm

mediastinum

the central space in the chest between the lungs that houses the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, etc.

peritoneal cavity

lining that wraps much of the abdominal cavity

intraperitoneal

organs suspended within its folds wrapped on all sides

retroperitoneal

organs sitting behind the lining, fixed against the back wall (includes kidneys, most of the pancreas, and parts of the intestines)

pelvis

one shared space with bladder in the front, reproductive organs in the middle, rectum in the back