Ch 9 and 10: Infection Control and Disease Prevention

cycle of infection

1. Infectious organism: bacteria, fungus, virus

2. Transmission of disease: spread of an infectious organism

3. Reservoir of infection: where infectious organisms reside

4. Portal of exit: how it exits the body

5. Susceptible host: compromised immune system

6. portal of entry: how it accesses the host’s body

fomite

solid surface such as a tabletop

vehicle

contaminated body fluids, food and drugs

vector

insect bite

direct contact

direct transmission

indirect contact

indirect transmission

How are infectious bacterial organisms classified?

• shape

• staining

• oxygen requirements

what does fungi include?

yeast and molds cause oral, skin infection

what is the body’s first line of defense?

• intact skin

• mucus membranes

• upper respiratory tract-cilia

what is the body’s second line of defense?

inflammatory response

hand hygiene

always use soap and water if hands are visibly soiled

immunity

passive receive via vaccine, it weakens everytime

Steps for accidental needle stick or the skin is broken by a contaminated object

• Wash the affected area with soap and water

• Report the incident to your supervisor

• Have a baseline blood sample drawn

Disposal of a safety needle and syringe includes what?

• retract the needle

• do not remove the syringe

• dispose both in a sharp container

how to handle patient linens?

folded at the edges to the middle without shaking to prevent airborne contamination, linens should never be shaken

patient isolation

technique that separates an infectious patient and items they contaminate from others

protective precaution

designed to prevent the spread of infections to compromised patients

what does an infectious patient require?

a “dirty” radiographer. The radiographer will touch the infected patient and any items that are in direct contact with the patient and is considered “dirty”

what is the common tb testing?

tuberculin skin test

what is effective against HIV?

1 part sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and 10 parts water mixed daily

Glove guidelines

wear gloves, change gloves between tasks and remove them promptly