ALKENES VS ALKYNES

Unsaturated carbons

Are Alkenes and Alkynes that don’t contain max number of hydrogen atoms to become alkanes (which are saturated hydrocarbons)

ALKENES

Double C=C bond

Alkenes have a …… bond angle

Flat

ALKYNES

Triple carbon bond

Alkyne bond angles have …….

180 C angle bond

Alkynes have a prefix of

-ene

Ethene

Is flat shape and used to accelerate ripening of fruits

Alkynes prefix is

-yne

In an alkene CIS and TRANS isomers are possible because

Double bond cannot rotate and groups attatched to the carbons of the double bonds Remain on one side or the other

Draw 1-butene, 2-methylpropene (not cis or trans ) - examples of cis-trans isomers that don’t occur

Hydrogenation rxn (draw example]

H atoms add to each of the carbon atoms in a double bond of an alkene or in the triple bond of an alkyne, BONDS TURN INTO SINGLE BONDS, and catalyst is needed

Halo generation RXN

Halogen atoms (Cl2, Br2) added to the C atoms of a double or triple bond, DOESNT NEED CATALYST

Hydrohalogenation

Atoms of a hydrogen halide ( H-x) add to the double/triple bond of carbon atoms

Markovunikov’s Rule

In hydrohalogenation the H in H-x adds to the carbon in double bond that has greater # of Carbons

Hydration

Alkene reacts with water, catalyst is needed, water adds to double bond, H atoms adds to one C and OH adds to the other C in double bond

Hydration rxn is

Double bond + water + catalyst = alcohol

When hydration occurs with double bond of unequal # of carbons

H bonds with high #C and OH bonds with other C of double bond

Polymerization

Repeating monomers units join to forms long chain polymer

Three common benzene rings are

Toluene, aniline, phenol (draw them out)