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Unsaturated carbons
Are Alkenes and Alkynes that don’t contain max number of hydrogen atoms to become alkanes (which are saturated hydrocarbons)
ALKENES
Double C=C bond
Alkenes have a …… bond angle
Flat
ALKYNES
Triple carbon bond
Alkyne bond angles have …….
180 C angle bond
Alkynes have a prefix of
-ene
Ethene
Is flat shape and used to accelerate ripening of fruits
Alkynes prefix is
-yne
In an alkene CIS and TRANS isomers are possible because
Double bond cannot rotate and groups attatched to the carbons of the double bonds Remain on one side or the other
Draw 1-butene, 2-methylpropene (not cis or trans ) - examples of cis-trans isomers that don’t occur
Hydrogenation rxn (draw example]
H atoms add to each of the carbon atoms in a double bond of an alkene or in the triple bond of an alkyne, BONDS TURN INTO SINGLE BONDS, and catalyst is needed
Halo generation RXN
Halogen atoms (Cl2, Br2) added to the C atoms of a double or triple bond, DOESNT NEED CATALYST
Hydrohalogenation
Atoms of a hydrogen halide ( H-x) add to the double/triple bond of carbon atoms
Markovunikov’s Rule
In hydrohalogenation the H in H-x adds to the carbon in double bond that has greater # of Carbons
Hydration
Alkene reacts with water, catalyst is needed, water adds to double bond, H atoms adds to one C and OH adds to the other C in double bond
Hydration rxn is
Double bond + water + catalyst = alcohol
When hydration occurs with double bond of unequal # of carbons
H bonds with high #C and OH bonds with other C of double bond
Polymerization
Repeating monomers units join to forms long chain polymer
Three common benzene rings are
Toluene, aniline, phenol (draw them out)