HB Unit 5 Central Dogma

Test Review

Nucleus

Where do you find the DNA inside of a eukaryotic cell?

DNA

the genetic information of an organism

Nucleotide

A single unit of DNA made up of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.

Double Helix

What is the shape of DNA? (twisted ladder)

A, T, C, G

What are the four nitrogen bases of DNA?

Thymine (T)

Adenine (A) pairs with ____?

Cytosine (C)

Guanine (G) pairs with _____?

A&T, C&G

What are the complementary base pairs in DNA?

DNA Replication

The process where a copy of DNA is made.

Semi-conservative Replication

A type of DNA replication where DNA divides down the middle and two identical copies are made, each with one new and one old strand of DNA.

DNA polymerase

An enzyme that adds the complementary base pairs to DNA.

Helicase

the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Nucleus

Where does the process of DNA replication occur in the cell

Transcription

The process where a temporary message is made from DNA.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid

mRNA

A form of RNA that is used to carry messages from DNA to the rest of the cell.

RNA polymerase

An enzyme that makes a mRNA strand from a DNA template.

Uracil (U)

A base that replaces Thymine (T) in RNA, and it pairs with Adenine (A).

A&U, C&G

What are the base pairs in RNA?

Nucleus

Where does transcription take place in the cell?

Cytoplasm

Where does translation take place in the cell?

Translation

The process where the code on the mRNA is translated into amino-acids, making a protein.

Amino Acids

Molecules that make a protein when put together.

Protein

A bio-molecule that does all the work in the cell. (carries out most of the functions of the cell)

Ribosome

The cell part that puts amino acids together to make a protein using the mRNA code.

AUG

What is the start codon on a mRNA molecule?

Codon

A set of 3 bases on the mRNA that codes for an amino acid and pairs with an Anti-Codon.

tRNA (transfer RNA)

The molecule that carries the amino-acid to the Ribosome. It also has the Anti-Codon.

Anti-Codon

A set of 3 bases on the tRNA that pairs with a Codon.

Protein

What is made at the end of Translation?

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA

What molecule does this picture represent?

T (thymine)

What is the complementary base pair to this base?

C (cytosine)

What is the complementary base pair to this base?

Translation

What process is represented in the picture?

Replication

What process is represented in the picture?

Transcription

What process is represented in the picture?

tRNA

What is the name of the molecule represented in the picture?

mRNA

What is made at the end of transcription?

Nucleotide

What is the name of the molecule represented in the picture?

antiparallel

The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix.

Purines

Bases with a double-ring structure. (A & G)

Pyrimidines

Bases with a single-ring structure. (T & C)

peptide bond

Bonds that connect amino acids to make a protein.

hydrogen bond

weak attraction that holds nitrogen bases together in the center of a DNA strand.

If 20% of the nitrogenous bases in a sample of DNA from a particular organism is thymine, what percentage should be cytosine?

30%

If a DNA strand reads ATCCTGGG, the RNA strand created in transcription will be ______.

UAGGACCC

If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anticodon is

CGU

What element is found in the nucleotide bases?

Nitrogen