Thoracic Spine & Lumbar Spine

flexion

what movement does the thoracic spine perform

extension

what movement does the lumbar spine perform

craniocervical and core muscles

breathing

rib cage functions

Stable base for _____ and ____ muscles

Protection of organs

Mechanics of _____

sternum

true ribs 1-7 articulate directly with the ____

costochondral

superior

False ribs 8-12 articulate with _____ cartilage of ____ rib or no attachment at all

ribs 2-10

what are the typical ribs

head of rib

vertebral bodies

typical ribs 2-10 have an articulation between ___ and junction of ____(costovertebral joint)

1st

T1

11 & 12

Atypical Ribs:

• ___ Rib - Full articulation with ___ spinous process

• Ribs __ and __ (Floating Ribs)

thoracic

head of the rib

Costovertebral Joints

Synovial joint between the _____ vertebrae & the _____

costal facet

articular tubercle

Costotransverse Joints

Synovial joint between _____ on transverse process and ____ of rib

1st-7th ribs

Which ribs form the sternocostal joints with the sternum?

chondro-sternal junction

The articulation between the medial ends of the costal cartilage and the costal facets of the sternum is specifically known as the:

Costochondral junction

the transition zone between rib bone and costal cartilage

ribs 1-10

The costochondral junction exists in which ribs?

Periosteum transitions to perichondrium

Which tissue change occurs at the costochondral junction?

very little/no movement

describe the movement allowed at the costochondral junction?

frontal

thoracic facet joints are aligned in what plane

superior- posterior

inferior- anterior

what articulating thoracic facets face posterior and which face anterior?

sagittal

transverse and frontal can both only do 30 degrees total movement

what plane does the thoracic spine have the MOST movement in

glide up and forward

During flexion of the spine, how do the inferior facets of the vertebra above move on the superior facets of the vertebra below?

extension

Inferior facets glide down and backward during ____ of the spine

Left (contralateral) facets glide upward; right (ipsilateral) facets glide downward

When performing lateral flexion to the right, what best describes the motion of the facet joints?

contralateral slide

During rotation to the right, what is the typical arthrokinematic movement of the facets?

Right inferior facets glide down; left inferior facets glide up

A patient performs right lateral flexion of the lumbar spine. Which combined arthrokinematic motion would you expect?

lateral and upward elevation

During inspiration, the “bucket handle” motion of the ribs primarily involves ____ and ____ of the lower ribs

sternum

The “pump handle” motion during inspiration is best described as anterior and superior migration of the what bone

Costotransverse, costovertebral, and sternocostal

Which 3 joint movements are small but essential during thoracic expansion in ventilation?

pump handle

Which motion increases the anterior-posterior (AP) dimension of the thorax during inspiration?

Diaphragm

External Intercostals

Quiet Inspiration Muscles (2)

Forced Inspiration Accessory Muscles

• Serratus Posterior Superior & Inferior

• Sternocleidomastiod

• Scalenes

• Latissimus Dorsi

• Pectoralis Minor

• Pectoralis Major

Quiet expiration

Elastic recoil of thorax, lungs, and diaphragm….PASSIVE PROCESS

Forced Expiration Accessory Muscles

• Abdominal Muscles

• Internal Intercostals

• Transverse Thoracis

• Iliocostalis (ES)

sagittal

Lumbar Spine Facet Joint Orientation:

____ plane orientation designed to permit flexion/extension

sagittal

what plane does the lumbar spine show the MOST movement in

transverse

what plane does the lumbar spine show the LEAST movement in

glide up and forward

During lumbar spine flexion, how do the inferior articular facets of the vertebra above move on the superior facets of the vertebra below?

down and backward

Inferior facets glide ___ and ___ during lumbar extension

glide upward

When the lumbar spine performs right lateral flexion, the left (contralateral) facets primarily:

glide downward

During right lateral flexion of the lumbar spine, what is the movement of the right (ipsilateral) facets?

compress/approximate

During right rotation of the lumbar spine, the contralateral (left) facets primarily:

separate/distract

During right rotation of the lumbar spine, the ipsilateral (right) facets primarily:

intervertebral foramen

Opening between vertebrae through which the spinal nerve roots exit the spinal canal

flexion

Which movement opens the lumbar intervertebral foramen in the sagittal plane?

ipsilateral lateral flexion

In the frontal plane, which movement promotes closing of the lumbar intervertebral foramen?

contralateral lateral flexion

What is a primary opening movement of the lumbar intervertebral foramen in the frontal plane?

extension

When moving in the sagittal plane, which action contributes to closing the lumbar intervertebral foramen?

limited/minimal change

What is the effect of transverse plane motion on lumbar intervertebral foramen size?

flexion with contralateral lateral flexion

What combination of movements BEST describes opening of the lumbar intervertebral foramen?

right side

ipsilateral side closes

During side bending to the right (frontal plane), which lumbar intervertebral foramina are most likely to close?

anterior shear force

Increase Sacrohorizontal angle = increase …

Sacrohorizontal angle

Angle between the horizontal plane and superior surface of the base (top) of the sacrum

hyperextension

increased lordosis

lumbar facet joints resist shear forces, and load is increased with _____ movement

Spondylosis

age-related degenerative changes that occur in the spine

Spondylolysis

defect of the pars interarticularis (between superior and inferior articular facets)

Spondylolisthesis

anterior slippage of one vertebral body on another

extension

Interspinalis action (1)

lateral flexion

Intertransversarii ipsilateral action (1)

b- extension

u- rotation

Transversospinalis bilateral and unilateral action

flexion

lateral flexion and contralateral rotation

External Oblique

ACTIONS

(B) ____

(U) Ipsilateral ____ and ____

flexion

lateral flexion and rotation

Internal Oblique

Actions:

(B) ____

(U) Ipsilateral___ and ____

Extension

lateral flexion

Quadratus lumborum actions

• (B) ____ of lumbar spine

• (U) Ipsilateral _____ of lumbar spine and pelvic hiking