Every member of the target population has an equal chance of being in any group
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Stratified sampling
More theory driven The sample has to reflect essential characteristics for your experiment The characteristics are then studied by the distribution of these characteristics The participants are then recruited in a way that keeps the proportion of the characteristics the same
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Convenience Sampling
Participants are recruited based on how easily available they are Technique of choice when resources or time is limited
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Self Selected sampling
Recruiting volunteers EG: Advertising the experiment to get more recruits Easy way to get participants
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Purposive sample
Main characteristics are defined in advance EG: Research on HS teachers would define the sample in advance by only choosing HS Teachers
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Snowball sample
When participants invite other people to join the experiment Good for recruiting populations such as druggies or gang members
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Independent measures design
Random allocation of participants into groups and the comparison between those groups The participants are randomly assigned to the experimental and controlled groups The only thing that is different in these groups is the IV
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Matched pairs design
Similar to independent measures No random allocation, but matching allocation to form groups
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Repeated measures design
Goal is to compare conditions instead of the group Same group of participants are exposed to different conditions The results of the conditions is what’s being measured Can be affected by order effects What IV comes first and how that will affect the groups reaction after the first condition Counterbalancing is used to combat order effects The order of the conditions are reversed
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Field experiment
Experiments done under a natural setting Less control over variables
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True experiment
IV is manipulated and DV is measured under really controlled conditions Participants are randomly assigned to the conditions
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Quasi experiment
No IV is manipulated Participants aren;’t randomly selected to conditions The only thing that separates the participants are their traits EG: Banker, teacher
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Natural Experiments
An experiment that is the result of a naturally occurring event There is no control over the IV as it naturally occurs in real life EG: A test to see the amount of heart-attacks before and after a smoking ban was set
Studied by 3 people
