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Chinggis Khan
The title given to Temujin, who united the Mongol tribes and became their universal ruler in 1206.
Pax Mongolia
The period of relative peace and stability across the Mongol Empire which allowed for trade and cultural exchanges.
Silk Road
An ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West, facilitating not just trade of goods like silk and spices, but also cultural exchange.
Steppe Diplomacy
A diplomatic strategy employed by Mongols involving displays of personal courage and intense loyalty to oneself and allies.
Nestorianism
A Christian theological doctrine that emphasized the distinct natures of Jesus Christ, rejecting the term Theotokos for Virgin Mary.
The Great Law
A legal framework created by Chinggis Khan to end tribal fighting, including prohibitions on stealing and murder among Mongols.
Kublai Khan
Grandson of Chinggis Khan, he established the Yuan Dynasty in China and rejected assimilation into Chinese culture.
Ilkhanate
A division of the Mongol Empire that ruled over Persia, known for initially allowing local governance but later enforcing Islamic conversion.
Mongolian Empire
The empire created by Chinggis Khan that rapidly expanded to include much of Asia and parts of Europe.
Treasure Fleets
Expeditions led by Admiral Zheng He under the Ming Dynasty to explore and establish trade links with Southeast Asia and beyond.
Bubonic Plague
A devastating pandemic that swept through Europe and Asia, facilitated by trade routes like the Silk Road.
Uyghur Language
A language that spread during the Mongol Empire, used in the administration and legal systems.
Golden Horde
A Mongol khanate that ruled over parts of Russia, significant for its tax collection methods and impact on Russian history.
Yuan Dynasty
The Mongol-led dynasty in China from 1279 to 1368, characterized by significant cultural and economic developments.
Marco Polo
A Venetian merchant whose travels through Asia during the Mongol Empire provided one of the first comprehensive European views of the East.
