Kinetic molecular theory of liquids & solids

homogenous part of a system in contact with other parts of system but separated by a well-defined boundary

phase

attractive forces between molecules.

intermolecular forces

responsible for the nonideal

behavior of gases.

intermolecular forces

exert even more influence in the

condensed phases of matter—liquids and solids.

intermolecular forces

Chemists commonly refer to intermolecular forces as ____________ after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals

van der Waals forces

attractive forces between polar molecules

dipole-dipole forces

What is the origin of dipole-dipole forces?

electrostatic

the origin of dipole-dipole forces (electrostatic) can be understood in terms of __________

Coulomb’s Law

The larger the dipole, ________ the Forces

The larger the dipole, the larger the force

In liquids, polar molecules are not held as rigidly as

in a solid, but they tend to align in a way that, on

average, maximizes the ______________

attractive interaction

_________ is a particularly strong type of dipole-dipole interaction.

hydrogen bonding

Ion-dipole forces attracts _______ and ________ to each other

ion (cation/anion) and polar molecule

The strength of ion-dipole interaction depends on __________

• charge and size of ion

• magnitude of dipole moment

• size of molecule

The charges on cations are generally more

concentrated, because cations are usually

____ than anions.

smaller

dispersion forces also called as ________

london forces

attractive forces – arises as a result

of temporary dipoles induced in atoms or molecules.

Dispersion forces/London forces

Weakest intermolecular forces between molecules

Dispersion Forces/London forces

In dispersion forces, neutral atoms turned negative / positive due to random motion of _____

electrons