AP Human Geography Unit 4 Vocabulary

Sovereignty

the right to rule

Nation

culture

State

country

Nation state

a nation with its own state

Multinational state

a state that has many nations

Autonomous region

a region with freedom from parent state

Semi autonomy region

region with some freedom from parent state

Stateless nation

a nation spread across multiple states

Nationalism

a nation wanting their own state, or loyalty to a country

Berlin conference

conference that divided up Africa to European powers

Self-determinism

right to choose your own government

Decolonization

undoing colonialism

Genocide

organized mass killing of a group

Cold War

rivalry between the U.S.A and the Soviet Union

Satellite states

states that are dominated by another

Devolution

transfer of some political power from one government to a smaller one

Geopolitical

study the effect of geography has on politics

Territoriality

willingness to defend a place

Neocolonialism

control was indirectly exerted

Choke points

points of major congestion between wider regions of movement and interaction

Physical boundaries

natural boundaries

Cultural boundaries

boundaries that divide based on cultural traits

Antecedent boundaries

boundaries formed before humans and cultural landscape

Subsequent boundaries

boundaries drawn after the settlement, often to accommodate cultures

Superimposed boundaries

forced upon by another power

Landlocked states

states fully surrounded by land

Relic boundary

former boundaries

Geometric boundaries

boundaries in a straight line

Cultural Consequent boundaries

boundaries to accommodate cultures

Physical Consequent boundaries

boundaries to accommodate the physical environment

Open boundaries

unguarded

Militarized boundaries

militarized

Demarcated

marked

Delimited

drawn on a map

Defined

legal document

Definitional dispute

dispute on interpretation of legal documents

Locational/territorial

who possesses what land

Operational dispute

how it should function

Allocational

who's resources are whose

Irredentism

annexation because of history or cultural traits

Administered boundary

how it is maintained, function, and what people or goods can cross it

Controlled boundary

must have a passport or visa to cross

Exclaves

territories separated from the state

Political exclaves

territories that are split from their state, but are fully surrounded by another state

Shatterbelts

place between 2 powers

Territorial Sea

12 nautical miles, commercial vessels may pass, non commercial can be challenged

Contiguous Zones

states have sovereignty to enforce laws 24 miles

Exclusive Economic Zones

states can extract natural resources 200 miles

High Seas

international waters

Small island developing states

control 30% of the worlds oceans

Internal boundaries

within a state

Electoral geography

patterns of elections and voting

Voting districts

divide electorates into regions

Electorates

people who vote for leaders

Census

count of the population occurs every ten years

Reapportionment

changing the number of representatives a state can have in the HOR

Redistricting

redrawing voting districts

Gerrymandering

redistricting that favors a political party

Federal state

multiple levels of government

Unitary state

one central power

Annexation

legally adding territory to a state

Ethnic separatism

wanted a separated ethnic group to have power

Ethnic cleansing

genocide of an ethnic group

Terrorism

aimed violence at the government or civilians to try can reach a political goal

Subnationalism

having loyalty to an autonomous region more than the state

Balkanization

breakup of a state into smaller hostile states

Supranationalism

group of states forming an organization to reach a common goal

Transnational corporations

business around the world

Democratization

transition to a more democratic system

Regionalism

loyalty to a region over a state

Ethnonationalism

support of an ethnic group's political interests