Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Practice flashcards covering definitions, causes, and symptoms of urogenital and sexually transmitted diseases based on Chapter 20 lecture notes.

Smegma

The secretion collected under the foreskin of uncircumcised men where Mycobacterium smegmatis grows.

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder.

Urethrocystitis

Infections involving both the urethra and bladder which easily spread between the two sites.

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate glands, which usually accompanies UTI in men.

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the kidneys from an infection that begins in the urethra and ascends.

Dysuria

Pain and burning on urination, often indicative of a urethral infection.

Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

A condition produced by toxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, often associated with high-absorbency tampons.

Exotoxin C

A toxin produced by bacteria in TSS that enhances the effects of an endotoxin.

Trichomoniasis

A parasitic urogenital disease caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, characterized by intense itching and white discharge.

Gonorrhea

A bacterial STD caused by Neisseria gonorrhea, a Gram-negative diplococcus resembling coffee beans.

Frozen pelvis

A condition where scarring from pelvic infection immobilizes the pelvic organs into tight, inflexible tissue.

Ophthalmia neonatorum

A severe eye infection acquired by newborns during passage through the birth canal of a mother infected with gonorrhea.

Syphilis

An STD caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum.

Chancre

Hard, painless, non-discharging lesions about 1/2 inch in diameter that form during the primary stage of syphilis.

Gumma

Lesions on the skin and bones that occur during the tertiary stage of syphilis.

Neurosyphilis

Neurological damage resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis.

Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)

A diagnostic test for syphilis using disposable cardboard reaction cards that provide results in 20 minutes.

Hutchinson’s teeth

Notched incisors, a sign of congenital syphilis in infants.

HSV-1

Herpes simplex virus type 1, which typically causes fever blisters or cold sores.

HSV-2

Herpes simplex virus type 2, also known as herpes hominis virus, which typically causes genital herpes.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A group of herpesviruses (human herpes virus-5) that can cause life-threatening disseminated infections and brain damage in fetuses.

Human papilloma viruses (HPVs)

A group of over 200 subtypes of viruses that represent the most common STI in the world; some types cause genital warts or cervical cancer.