Urinary Final

SGLT cotransporters are found in ______ and have what can of transport

the brush borered memebrane and secondary active transport

SGLT 2 (Na:glucose, where, affinty, capacity)

1Na:1 glucose, early in the proximal tubule, low affinity, high capacity

SGLT2 is responsible for _____ of glucose reabsorption and SGLT1 is the other ____

90% and 10%

SGLT1 (Na:Glucose, where, affinity, capacity)

2Na:1 glucose, late in proximal tubule, high affinity, low capacity

GLUT 2 vs GLUT 1

GLUT is in the early segments with low affinity while GLUT1 is in the later segmetns with a higher affinity

GLUT transporters are found in _____ and are what kind of transport

Basolateral memebrane and facilitated diffusion

SGLT2 inhibutors are used ofr the treatment of ____ in what aniam

diabetes mellitus in cats

Limits on the rate of reabsorbing and secreting solutes (2)

Gradient - limited system (Paracellular back leak causes a decline in the chemical gradient) and tubular transport maximum-limited systems (Not enough transporters for all the solutes and they become overwhelmed)

Glucose is _____ filtred: filtrae [glucose __ plasma [glucose]

freely, =

Glucose is only reabsorbed in

proximal tubules

Glucosuria could be caused by

Hyperglycemia, renal glcouria (transporter problem), diabetes

Diuresis meaning

increased urine production

Regardless of its etiology, glucosuria causes _____

osmotic diuresis

Osmotic diuresis

increaced urine production due to abnormally high amount of solute left in the the tubular lumen

Osmotic diuretics use _____ to work

the presence of excess solutes in the tubular fluid

Fate of filtered proteins (LMW vs HMW)

LMW - degradation inside the cells and then degradation products are retuenred to blood supply
HMW - absorbed and intact proteins to blood supply OR degradation and relesaed into urine

Hypoproteniemia causes ____________ that leads to

decreasing plasma onctoci pressure → edema cavitary effusions

Proteniuria is caused by (2) which is worse?

Failure of the glomerular filtration barrier or failure of the proximal tubule in reabsorbing

The loop of henle reabsorbs % of filtrered Na and Cl and _% of filtrered water and this separation promotes

25% of filtered Na and Cl
15% of filtered water
Hyperosmolar medullary interstitum

Epithelial cells of the thin descending loop of henle

Thin cells with smoother inner surface, few mitochondria, minimal metabolic acitivty

Epithelia cells of the thick ascending loop of henle

Thick