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Screening for Referral
Process to identify red flags and assess comorbidities affecting patient management.
Systemic Diseases
Conditions that can mimic neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction.
GI System Functions
Ingestion, digestion, absorption of nutrients, and waste elimination.
Digestion
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, primarily in the small intestine.
Absorption
Most nutrient and water absorption occurs in the jejunum of the small intestine.
Psychoneuroimmunology
Study of interactions between the enteric system, immune system, and CNS.
Liver Functions
Synthesizes proteins, produces bile, metabolizes fats, and detoxifies substances.
Pancreas Functions
Has both exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine (hormones) roles.
GI Pain Descriptors
Types of pain associated with GI disorders, including deep, aching, and burning sensations.
Endocrine System Functions
Regulates CNS and reproductive development, growth, and homeostasis.
Hormones
Three classes include protein/polypeptide, steroid, and derivatives of tyrosine.
Feedback Mechanisms
Many endocrine glands operate through negative feedback loops.
Hypothalamus
Integrates communication between the endocrine and nervous systems.
Pituitary Gland
Regulates other glands and controls metabolism, growth, and fluid balance.
Adrenal Gland
Secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones.
Diabetes Mellitus
Systemic disorder affecting carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism due to insulin issues.
Insulin Functions
An anabolic hormone that regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes resulting from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells.
Type 2 Diabetes
Insulin sensitivity disorder where the body produces insulin but does not respond effectively.
A1C Test
Measures average blood sugar levels over three months.
Exercise Benefits
Improves insulin sensitivity, promotes weight loss, and enhances overall health.
Hypoglycemia Management
15-15 rule for mild cases; glucagon injection for severe cases.
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)
Tests for electrolyte levels, blood sugar, and kidney function.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Assesses red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets.
Innate Immunity
First and second lines of defense against pathogens, non-specific and without memory.
Adaptive Immunity
Third line of defense, specific and has memory for previously encountered antigens.
Autoimmune Diseases
Conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues.
Organ Transplant Criteria
End-stage organ damage, failure of conventional medicine, and absence of untreatable malignancy.
Rejection Types
Hyper-acute, acute, and chronic rejection of transplanted organs.
General Activity Guidelines Post-Transplant
Aerobic exercise, strength training, and functional training to promote recovery.