AP Bio: Cells
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29 Terms
The basic structural and functional units of every organism
Cells.
What were mitochondria originally?
Prokaryotic cells absorbed into cells billions of years ago.
What are some prokaryotic characteristics that mitochondria still have?
Their own DNA
Where do we inherit our mitochondria from?
Our mothers side.
All cells:
Are bound by a plasma membrane, Contain cytosol, Contain chromosomes, Contain ribosomes
What is another name for cytosol
Cytoplasm
What are the two types of cells
Prokaryotes, and Eukaryotes
What is the shape of prokaryotic chromosomes
Circular
What two domains are prokaryotes
Bacteria and Archaea
Where is DNA stored in the Prokaryotes
Free floating in the nucleoid region.
How do prokaryotes relate in size to eukaryotes
They are generally smaller in size than eukaryotes.
What kingdoms have eukaryotic cells
Protists, fungi, animals, and plants
Where is Eukaryotic DNA stored?
IN the nucleus
What is the shape of eukaryotic DNA
linear
What do eukaryotic cells contain
Membrane bound organelles.
Membrane bound structures in eukaryotes
Organelles
What are the two classifications of organelles?
Endomembrane organelles, Energy organelles.
Why are endomembrane organelles called endomembrane.
They have an inner membrane.
What are the 6 endomembrane organelle.
Nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosomes, Vesicles/vacuoles, Plasma Membrane.
What are the two energy organelles?
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts.
What is the plant energy organelle?
Chloroplast
What is the animal energy organelle
Mitochondria
How are chloroplasts similar to mitochondria?
They have their own DNA and can divide through division.
What is the pigment fond in side chloroplasts
Chlorophyll and other colored pigments?
Why do plant colors change in the fall?
Chlorophyll rapidly degrades as it’s highly sensitive, other pigments start to show up and become more prominent.
What is a word for a fold in compartmentalization
convulutions
What is compartmentalization
The folding of membranes in organelles to increase surface area for reactions.
What does compartmentalization allow in organelles?
Different metabolic reactions to occur in different locations.
What is a preventative measure that compartmentalization takes part in?
Prevents interfering reactions from occuring in the same location.