Biology: Cell Structure and Tissues Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering cell organelles, tissue types, and the divisions of the nervous system based on the lecture transcript.

Cell

The basic structural, functional and genetic unit of all living organisms.

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoplasm

The site of many chemical reactions.

Nucleus

Controls the cell and contains DNA.

DNA

Stores genetic information; it is double-stranded and contains the base thymine and the sugar deoxyribose.

RNA

Helps make proteins; it is single-stranded and contains the base uracil and the sugar ribose.

Mitochondria

Produced ATP and provide energy for the cell.

ATP

The main energy source of the cell.

Ribosomes

The site of protein synthesis.

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, packages and secretes proteins.

Rough ER

Transports proteins.

Smooth ER

Produces lipids.

Lysosomes

Digest waste using enzymes.

Vacuoles

Store water, nutrients and waste.

Chloroplasts

Found in plant cells and carry out photosynthesis.

Tissue

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

Epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers surfaces, lines organs and body cavities, and provides protection, absorption, secretion, and filtration.

Simple epithelium

Epithelial tissue consisting of one layer of cells.

Stratified epithelium

Epithelial tissue consisting of many layers of cells.

Glandular epithelium

Epithelium that forms glands and secretes substances such as hormones, enzymes, sweat and saliva.

Connective tissue

Tissue that supports, connects and protects; examples include loose, dense, adipose, cartilage, bone and blood.

Muscle tissue

Tissue that contracts to produce movement.

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary muscle that moves the body.

Smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle found in the walls of organs such as the stomach and intestines.

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle found only in the heart that pumps blood.

Nervous tissue

Receives information and sends nerve impulses.

Neuron

The basic unit of the nervous system; a nerve cell that carries impulses.

Neuroglia

Supporting cells of the nervous system.

Central nervous system (CNS)

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Consists of all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Sensory nerves

Carry impulses to the CNS.

Motor nerves

Carry impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Reflex

A fast automatic response to a stimulus.

Stimulus

A change that causes a response.

Brain

Controls the body and processes information.

Spinal cord

Carries nerve impulses and controls reflexes.