bsc1010c exam 3

During glycolysis, for each mole of glucose oxidized to pyruvate: A. 6 moles of ATP are produced B. 4 moles of ATP are used, and 2 moles of ATP are produced C. 2 moles of ATP are used, and 4 moles of ATP are produced D. 2 moles of ATP are used, and 2 moles of ATP are produced E. Net 4 moles of ATP are produced

C. 2 moles of ATP are used, and 4 moles of ATP are produced

To sustain high rates of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions, cells require: A. Functioning mitochondria B. Oxygen C. Oxidative phosphorylation of ATP D. NAD+ E. All of the above

D. NAD+

What pathways generate reduced electron carriers? A. The citric acid cycle B. Glycolysis C. Pyruvate oxidation D. All of the above E. Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle only

D. All of the above

The purpose of fermentation reactions is: A. To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue B. To make alcohol or lactic acid that cells can metabolize for energy under anaerobic conditions C. To make additional ATP when respiration can't make ATP fast enough D. To slow down cellular oxygen consumption when oxygen is scarce E. To make organic molecules that cells can store until oxygen becomes available

A. To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

When glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down in cellular respiration, the energy yield results from the removal of which of its elements? A. Carbon B. Hydrogen C. Oxygen D. All of the above E. None of the above

B. Hydrogen

Which of the following is not a product of glycolysis? A. ATP B. CO2 C. NADH + H+ D. Pyruvate E. They are all products of glycolysis

B. CO2

All the reactions of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle: A. Are exergonic B. Take place in the mitochondria C. Require the presence of free oxygen D. Are catalyzed by enzymes E. Take place only in animals

D. Are catalyzed by enzymes

What is accomplished by the production of lactate or ethanol? A. NADH + H+ is converted to NAD+ B. Glycolysis is allowed to continue C. Energy can be obtained even in the absence of O2 D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. All of the above

ATP is: A. a short-term energy storage compound B. The cell's principal compound for energy transfers C. synthesized within mitochondria D. The molecule all living cells rely on to do work E. All of the above

E. All of the above

In the cell, the site of oxygen utilization is the: A. Nucleus B. Chloroplast C. ER D. Mitochondrion E. Cytosol

D. Mitochondrion

Substrate-level phosphorylation is the transfer of a(n): A. Phosphate to a protein B. Phosphate to a substrate C. Phosphate to an ADP D. ATP to a protein E. Phosphate from ATP to a substrate

C. Phosphate to an ADP

The citric acid cycle begins with: A. Glucose B. Pyruvate C. Acetyl CoA D. NADH + H+ E. ATP synthase

C. Acetyl CoA

Which of the following is produced during the citric acid cycle? A. FAD B. Pyruvate C. Reduced electron carriers D. Lactic acid E. Water

C. Reduced electron carriers

The hydrogen ion gradient is maintained by: A. Electron transport and proton pumping B. The splitting of water C. The ionization of glucose D. ATP synthase E. Acetyl CoA

A. Electron transport and proton pumping

The mitochondrial ATP synthase: A. is an entirely integral membrane protein B. Couples the synthesis of ATP to the flow of protons across the inner membrane from inside to out C. Is a soluble protein located in the mitochondrial matrix D. Makes ATP at the expense of the proton gradient established by electron transport E. Usually hydrolyzes ATP to establish a proton gradient

D. Makes ATP at the expense of the proton gradient established by electron transport

The organic carbon in a tree comes primarily from: A. Soil B. Water C. Air D. Organic fertilizer E. Light

C. Air

What colors of light will drive photosynthesis by green plants most efficiently? A. Red only B. Yellow only C. Green only D. Blue only E. Red and blue

E. Red and Blue

In this diagram, compound X is the CO2 acceptor. If CO2 is cut off then, A. X and 3PG will both increase B. X will increase, 3PG will decrease C. X will decrease, 3PG will increase D. X and 3PG will both decrease E. All of the above

B. X will increase, 3PG will decrease

How are the light reactions and the Calvin cycle connected? A. The light reactions provide ATP to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle provides NADPH for the light reactions. B. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin Cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions. C. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns reduced sugars to the light reactions. D. The light reactions provide NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle provides RuBP to the light reactions. E. The light reactions provide RuBP to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns G3P to the light reactions.

B. The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin Cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions.

Photorespiration occurs because: A. Rubisco can use oxygen as a substrate when CO2 levels are low and oxygen levels are high B. Linear electron flow cannot provide the Calvin cycle with enough ATP C. Leaf cells use photorespiration to make ATP for cellular work outside the chloroplasts D. C4 plants operate a CO2 shuttle at a cost of extra ATP, provided by photorespiration. E. Plants need a way to consume the oxygen they produce.

A. Rubisco can use oxygen as a substrate when CO2 levels are low and oxygen levels are high

Which of the following is not a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? A. ATP B. Glucose C. NADPH+ H+ D. Oxygen gas E. They are all products of the light reaction

B. Glucose

Which of the following about the fixation of CO2 (the Calvin cycle) is false? A. The majority of the G3p produced is used to make sugars. B. The cycle requires ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions. C. The cycle must run multiple times to produce glucose. D. The cycle regenerates RuBP, the acceptor for CO2. E. Light is required to initiate the cycle.

A. The majority of the G3p produced is used to make sugars.

Which of the following types of photosynthesis produces minimal photorespiration and uses both the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of the leaf? A. C3 B. C4 C. CAM D. All of the above E. None of the above

B. C4

Plants are green because: A. Chlorophylls absorb blue and orange-red wavelengths of light and reflect green light. B. Chloroplasts transmit green light. C. Energized chlorophyll a emits green light. D. Plants do not possess green pigment. E. Chlorophylls absorb green light.

A. Chlorophylls absorb blue and orange-red wavelengths of light and reflect green light.

The O2 gas produced during photosynthesis is derived from: A. CO2 B. Glucose C. Water D. CO E. Bicarbonate ions

C. Water

Photosynthesis is the process that uses light energy to extract hydrogen atoms from: A. Glucose B. Chlorophyll C. CO2 D. Water E. None of the above

D. Water

The energy source for the synthesis of carbs in the Calvin cycle is: A. ATP only B. Photons C. Energized chlorophyll a D. NADPH + H+ E. NADPH and ATP

E. NADPH and ATP

The Calvin cycle uses ____ to produce glucose. A. CO2 B. ATP C. NADPH D. Rubisco E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Photorespiration A. Results in CO2 fixation B. Uses ATP and NADPH produced in light reactions C. Generates a proton gradient D. Results in the synthesis of glucose E. All of the above

B. Uses ATP and NADPH produced in light reactions

During photorespiration, rubisco uses _____ as a substrate. A. CO2 B. O2 C. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate D. 3-phosphoglycerate E. NADPH

B. O2

The enzyme rubisco is found in: A. Chloroplasts B. Mitochondria C. The cytoplasm D. The nucleus E. Yeast

A. Chloroplasts

DNA replication takes place in which phase of the cell cycle? A. G1 B. S C. G2 D. M E. All of the above

B. S

A human stem cells contains 46 chromosomes in its nucleus. How many replicated chromosomes go to each spindle pole during mitosis? A. 2 B. 23 C. 46 D. 92 E. 184

C. 46

Which of the following phases of the cell cycle is not part of interphase? A. M B. S C. G1 D. G2 E. G0

A. M

At which phase are centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells? A. Telophase B. Anaphase C. Prometaphase D. Metaphase E. Prophase

E. Prophase

A bacterial cell gives rise to two genetically identical daughter cells by a process known as: A. Nondisjunction B. Mitosis C. Meiosis D. Fission E. Fertilization

D. Fission

The initiation of the S phase and the M phase of the cell cycle depends on a pair of molecules called ___ and ____. A. Actin; myosin B. Cdk's; cyclin C. Ligand; receptor D. MSH; MSH-receptor E. ATP; ATPase

B. Cdk's; cyclin

The molecules that make up a chromosome are _____ and ____. A. DNA; RNA B. DNA; proteins C. Proteins; lipids D. Nucleotides; nucleosides E. Proteins; phospholipids

B. DNA; proteins

What is a cleavage furrow? A. A ring of vesicles forming a cell plate B. The separation of divided prokaryotes C. A groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei D. The metaphase plate where chromosomes attach to the spindle E. The space that is created between two chromatids during anaphase

C. A groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei

Which of the following does not occur during mitosis? A. Condensation of the chromosomes B. Replication of the DNA C. Separation of sister chromatids D. Spindle formation E. Separation of the spindle poles

B. Replication of the DNA

Through microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely a: A. An animal cell in the process of cytokinesis B. A plant cell in the process of cytokinesis C. An animal cell in the S phase of the cell cycle D. A bacterial cell dividing E. A plant cell in metaphase

B. A plant cell in the process of cytokinesis

The centromere is a region in which: A. Chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase. B. Metaphase chromosomes become aligned at the metaphase plate. C. Chromosomes are grouped during telophase. D. The nucleus is located prior to mitosis. E. New spindle microtubules form at either end.

A. Chromatids remain attached to one another until anaphase.

In the cells of some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. This will result in: A. Cells with more than one nucleus. B. Cells that are unusually small. C. Cells lacking nuclei. D. Destruction of chromosomes. E. Cell cycles lacking an S phase.

A. Cells with more than one nucleus.

The microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to a specialized structure in the centromere region of each chromosome called the: A. Kinetochore B. Nucleosome C. Equatorial plate D. Aster E. Centrosome

A. Kinetochore

At the milestone that defines metaphase, the chromosomes: A. Separate B. Come together C. Are at opposite poles D. Line up at the equatorial plate E. none of the above

D. Line up at the equatorial plate

A typical cell cycle consists of: A. Mitosis and meiosis B. G1, the S phase, and G2 C. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase D. Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis E. Meiosis and fertilization

D. Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis