learning & teaching: test one vocabulary pt.2

maintenance rehearsal

While you talk to yourself, the information stays in your working memory but disappears once you stop.

retrieval

the process of finding and bringing back something

visual imagery

mental representation or recreation of something that is not physically present

knowledge base

base is a centralized database for collecting, organizing, retrieving, and sharing knowledge

o   prior knowledge activation

• Keep in mind how the student's prior knowledge can be used as a starting point for introducing a new topic.

o   mnemonic

a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations that assists in remembering something

retrieval cue

stimulus that helps us remember a memory stored in long-term memory

o   automaticity

ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low-level details required, allowing it to become an automatic response pattern or habit.

wait time

How much time a teacher waits after speaking before saying something else. Eg: A presentation a teacher is teaching from and waits for the students to finish taking notes.

failure to store or consolidate information in long-term memory

Information never goes beyond the sensory register and it did not go further than working memory. Eg: Taking an all nighter and binged studied for a big test.

o   decay

As time passes, information can become less powerful and eventually fade away. E.g.: How to do long division that we learned in fourth grade.

o   unsuccessful search of long-term memory

Can not find something in long-term memory and eventually stumble on the information later or they never retrieve it. E.g.: A word on the tip of your tongue.

o   interference

Pieces of information you store in your memory are mixed with one another. E.g.: Smashing two songs together.

Reconstruction error

Filling gaps in memory with general knowledge. E.g.: Victims of crimes or witnessing a crime.