Psychiatry Lecture - Med Terms Chapter 22

psychiatry

a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment and prevention of mental illness

psychiatrist

complete medical school and further education in psychotherapy and psychopharmacology

psychotherapy

techniques for treating mental illness

psychopharmacology

drug therapy for mental illness

child psychiatrist

specialize in the psychological treatment in children

forensic psychiatrist

specialize in the legal aspects of psychiatry

psychoanalysts

complete 3-5 additional years of training in a special psychoanalysis in which the patient relates their thoughts

psychologist

a non medical professional who is trained in methods of psychotherapy

clinical psychologist

uses various methods of psychotherapy to treat patients but cannot prescribe medication or treat such as ECT

amnesia

loss of memory

anxiety

degrees of apprehension / dread / uncertainty

apathy

absence of emotions or interest in anything

compulsion

uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety

conversion

anxiety becomes a bodily symptom such as blindness / deafness / paralysis

delusion

fixed false belief that cannot be changed by any logical reasoning or evidence

dissociation

uncomfortable thoughts are split from the person’s consciousness awareness to avoid mental distress (can lead to multiple personalities)

dysphoria

intense feeling of depression / discontent and generalize dissatisfaction with life

euphoria

intense feelings of well-being / elation / happiness

hallucination

false or unreal sensory perceptions either in what is heard or what is seen

labile

variable / undergoing rapid emotional changes

mania

elevated expansive state with talkativeness hyperactivity and racing thoughts

mutism

none or very little ability to speak

obsession

involuntary persistent idea or emotion

paranoia

overly suspicious or fixated in something

ID

unconscious instinct (get what i want no matter what)

EGO

the mediator of ID and outside world (postpone what ID wants until appropriate or not at all

SUPEREGO

moral part of the personality / part that sees the bigger picture and acts on that

psychosis

can be used to describe mental illness

psychosis can involve

hallucinations and delusions

anxiety disorders

characterized by the experience of unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior

panic attack

abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes

symptoms of a panic attack

• palpitations

• sweating

• trembling

• chest pain/discomfort

• nausea

• feeling dizzy or faint

panic disorder

recurrent panic attacks and persistent concern about having another panic attack between episodes

phobic disorder

characterized by irrational or debilitating fears associated with a specific object or situation

agoraphobia

fear of being in open, crowded, public places in which escape to the person feels impossible

social phobia

fear of situation in which the affected person is open to public scrutiny, which could result in possible embarrassment and humiliation

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

involves recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts that dominate the patients life

post-traumatic stress disorder

symptoms present themselves to exposure to a traumatic event / these triggers or flashbacks that bring feelings of intense fear

generalized anxiety disorder

a chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke anxiety feelings

bipolar disorder

characterized by one or more episodes alternating with depressive disorders

manic episodes

mood is almost always euphoric, hyper, irritable, not a lot of sleep needed during this episode

depressive episode

lethargic, sleeps most of the day, no energy, not interested in anything, can be sad for no reason

hypomania

decreased version of mania (less intense but still euphoric)

bipolar 1

1 or 2 episodes of manic alternate with depressive episodes

bipolar 2

recurrent major depressive episodes with hypomania episodes

cyclothymic

a mild form of bipolar that does not meet the criteria of manic or depressive disorder

depressive disorder

occurrence or more of major depressive episodes without manic or hypomanic

major depressive episodes

involves many episodes of severe dysphoria which can be sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, insomnia, and inappropriate guilt

dysthymia

persistent depressive disorder over 2 years but not as severe as major depression and no psychotic features occur

eating disorders

refuse to maintain a normal body weight / the person has self body image and always see themselves as too big

bulimia nervosa

binge eating and then self purging

delirium

acute episodes of confusion, agitation, and disorientation

dementia

progressive and permanent cognitive change / can get so bad to the point where the patient forgets basic tasks

intellectual disorder

mental retardation low IQ

communication disorder

difficulty with language, spoken or written

autistic disorder

difficulty with verbal and non-verbal in the first 3 years

asperger syndrome

lesser type of autistic / want to interact with others but don’t know how

ADHD

attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder

motor disorders

delayed coordination skills, clumsiness, or tics