Ch 1

Which of the following is not true?

• Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body.

• Gross anatomy is the study of tissues and cells.

• Comparative anatomy is the study of more than one species.

• Regional anatomy is the study of multiple organ systems in a specific area of the body.

• Systemic anatomy focuses on one organ system at a time.

• Gross anatomy is the study of tissues and cells

The study of microscopic tissues is called _________blank.

Multiple Choice

• cytology

• gross anatomy

• dissection

• histology

• auscultation

• histology

A subdiscipline of anatomy in which multiple organ systems are studied in a specific area of the body is _________blank anatomy.

Fill in the blank

regional

_________blank anatomy is the study of structures visible to the naked eye.

Fill in the blank

Gross

Functional _________blank goes beyond simply studying the structure of organs and provides reasons for them.

Fill in the blank

Regional anatomy is the study of multiple organ systems at once in a particular portion of the body.

True or False

True

Which of the following is true regarding systemic versus regional anatomy?

Multiple Choice

• Systemic anatomy focuses on only one system at a time.

• Regional anatomy focuses on only one system at a time.

• Systemic anatomy focuses on several organ systems.

• Systemic anatomy focuses on several regions of the body.

Systemic anatomy focuses on only one system at a time.

Auscultation is _________blank.

Multiple Choice

• listening to natural sounds made by the body

• looking at the body's appearance in a physical examination

• feeling a structure with the hands

• tapping on the body and feeling for resistance

• examining test results for diagnosis of symptoms involving the abdominal cavity

listening to natural sounds made by the body

Feeling a structure, like a swollen lymph node, with the hands is called _________blank.

Fill in the blank

Listening to natural sounds made by the body is called _________blank.

Fill in the blank

Auscultation

If a physician feels for broken bones under the skin, she would be utilizing the method of study referred to as _________blank.

Fill in the blank

Percussion is the tapping of a body part for examination.

True or False

true

Which medical imaging technique relies on the injection of radioactively labeled glucose and reveals which tissues are most metabolically active?

Multiple Choice

• Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

• Sonography

• Computed tomography (CT) scan

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Radiography

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

Which medical imaging technique relies on the absorption of high-energy radiation and reveals dense tissues, such as bone and teeth?

Multiple Choice

• Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

• Sonography

• Computed tomography (CT) scan

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Radiography

Radiography

Which medical imaging technique would be most useful for revealing a tumor in the brain?

Multiple Choice

• Computed tomography (CT) scan

• Radiography

• Sonography

• Echocardiography

• Either a CT scan or sonography would be appropriate.

Computed tomography (CT) scan

You want to determine which part of the brain is most active when a person is forming a sentence before they say the words out loud. Which imaging technique would be most useful?

Positron emission tomography (PET scan)

Which imaging technique is most commonly used to view a fetus in utero?

Multiple Choice

• Radiography

• Computed tomography (CT)

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Sonography

• Positron emission tomography (PET)

• Sonography

_________blank resonance imaging is an imaging technique that relies on electromagnets to reveal images of soft tissue.

magnetic

_________blank is the imaging technique most often used to reveal a fetus in utero.

sonography

________blank is the branch of medicine concerned with imaging techniques.

To produce images of soft tissue in the body, _________blank resonance imaging would be utilized.

magnetic

Positron emission tomography (PET scan) assesses the metabolic state of a tissue.

True or False

True

Situs inversus is a condition in which _________blank.

Multiple Choice

• an individual has no lenses in the eye

• the kidney is flipped anterior to posterior

• the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities are reversed between right and left

• the appendix is affixed to the small intestine instead of the large intestine

• an individual has incessant and painful heartburn

the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities are reversed between right and left

Though external appearances differ significantly, internal anatomy between humans is all the same.

True or False

False

The fact that most of us have five lumbar vertebrae, but some people have six and some have four, is an example of _________blank variation among organisms.

Multiple Choice

• cellular

• holistic

• physiological

• anatomical

• reductionist

• anatomical

Which of the following lists the levels of human structure from smallest to largest?

Multiple Choice

• Organelles, organisms, organs, organ systems

• Organelles, cells, organs, tissues, organisms

• Cells, organisms, organelles, organs, organ systems

• Cells, organs, tissues, organisms, organ systems

• Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

By definition, an organ is composed of two or more _________blank types.

Multiple Choice

• organelle

• tissue

• organ system

• molecule

• cell

tissue

Why is the liver considered to be an organ?

Multiple Choice

• It is part of the digestive system.

• It has complex physiological functions.

• It is larger than a cell.

• It is composed of two or more tissue types.

• It has a complex blood supply.

It is composed of two or more tissue types.

In regards to human structure, which of the following is the smallest unit considered to be alive?

Multiple Choice

• Organelle

• Tissue

• Molecule

• Cell

• Organ

Cell

The smallest structures that biologists consider to be living are _________blank.

Multiple Choice

• organisms

• organs

• macromolecules

• cells

• organelles

cells

A structure composed of two or more tissues is a/an _________blank.

Fill in the blank

organ

The smallest unit that carries out all the basic functions of life is a _________blank.

Fill in the blank

cell

A/an _________blank is made from two or more atoms.

Fill in the blank

molecule

Organs are composed of two or more tissue types.

True or False

True

Which of the following lists the levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest?

Multiple Choice

• Organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

• Organ system, organ, cell, tissue, organelle

• Organ system, organelle, tissue, cell, organ

• Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

• Organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organelle

• Organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

Which of the following lists examples of body structures from the simplest to the most complex?

Multiple Choice

• Mitochondrion, connective tissue, protein, stomach, adipocyte (fat cell)

• Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach

• Mitochondrion, connective tissue, stomach, protein, adipocyte (fat cell)

• Protein, adipocyte (fat cell), stomach, connective tissue, mitochondrion

• Protein, stomach, connective tissue, adipocyte (fat cell), mitochondrion

• Protein, mitochondrion, adipocyte (fat cell), connective tissue, stomach

Of the following terms, which of them represents the organ system level of organization: glucose, osteocyte, epithelial, endocrine, oxygen?

Multiple Choice

• Endocrine

• Glucose

• Osteocyte

• Epthelial

• Oxygen

Endocrine

Of the following terms, which of them represents the cellular level of organization: carbon dioxide, lymphoid, osteocyte, digestive, epithelial?

Multiple Choice

• Osteocyte

• Carbon dioxide

• Lymphoid

• Digestive

• Epithelial

Osteocyte

Which organ system has the principal functions of protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, cutaneous sensation, and nonverbal communication?

Multiple Choice

• Skeletal system

• Urinary system

• Integumentary system

• Muscular system

Integumentary system

Which of the following is not a system of intake and output?

Multiple Choice

• Muscular system

• Respiratory system

• Digestive system

• Urinary system

Muscular system

he principal functions of the _________blank system include the absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, maintaining the acid-base balance, and speech.

Fill in the blank

respiratory

It is improper in anatomy to combine two systems when describing specific locations (e.g. genitourinary system).

True or False

False

All of the following are human organ systems except _________blank.

Multiple Choice

• skeletal

• endocrine

• epidermal

• reproductive

• lymphoid

epidermal

Which of the following organ systems does not function in supporting the body?

Multiple Choice

• Digestive

• Integumentary

• Skeletal

• Muscular

Digestive

The directional language of anatomy begins with what assumption about the position of the body?

Multiple Choice

• It is in a prone position.

• It is in anatomical position.

• It is in a supine position.

• There are no assumptions made.

It is in anatomical position.

Which of the following is not a criterion of anatomical position?

Multiple Choice

• Standing erect

• Feet flat on the floor

• Arms raised over the head

• Palms forward

Arms raised over the head

When the palms of the hand face up, or anteriorly, they are referred to as _________blank.

Fill in the blank

If a person is in anatomical position, which of the following statements would be true?

Multiple Choice

• Their palms are facing forward.

• They are lying down, face up.

• Their arms are raised above their head.

• Their head is turned to the left.

• Their head is turned to the right.

Their palms are facing forward.

Which of the following descriptions of anatomical position is correct?

Multiple Choice

• Standing, facing forward, arms at side, palms forward

• Prone, facing down, arms at side, palms forward

• Supine, facing up, arms at side, palms back

• Prone, facing up, arms at side, palms back

Standing, facing forward, arms at side, palms forward

The _________blank plane passes through the midline of the body and divides it into equal right and left halves.

Multiple Choice

• median

• transverse

• frontal

• oblique

• median

Which plane would allow for the observation of both lungs, the heart, and the abdominal organs? 

Multiple Choice

• Frontal

• Sagittal

• Transverse

• Median

Frontal

Transverse planes divide the body into superior and inferior portions.

True or False

True

Which of the following planes through the body would yield a section containing parts of only one kidney?

Multiple Choice

• Parasagittal

• Frontal

• Coronal

• Transverse

• Parasagittal

Which of the following statements using directional terminology and regional anatomy is true?

Multiple Choice

• The patellar area is anterior to the popliteal area.

• The lumbar area is superior to the cervical area.

• The axillary area is medial to the sternal area.

• The cubital area is distal to the carpal area.

• The patellar area is anterior to the popliteal area.

What is the directional term for "away from the midline"?

Multiple Choice

• Caudal

• Rostral

• Lateral

• Ipsilateral

Lateral

Using directional terminology, one could say that the liver is _________blank to the bladder.

Fill in the blank

Using directional terminology, one could say that the muscles of the arm are _________blank to the bones of the arm.

Fill in the blank

Anterior refers to the back of the body.

True or False

False

Which of the following statements using directional terminology is true?

Multiple Choice

• The hand is distal to the elbow.

• The lungs are medial to the heart.

• The knee is proximal to the hip.

• The left ear is ipsilateral to the right eye.

• The hand is distal to the elbow.

Using directional terminology, one would say that the shin is _________blank relative to the knee.

distal

Using directional terminology, one would say that the sternum is _________blank relative to the armpit.

Fill in the blank

medial

Which of the following is not found in the axial region of the body?

Multiple Choice

• Cervical region

• Abdominal region

• Thoracic region

• Carpal region

• Carpal region

Of the nine abdominal regions, the central region is referred to as the _________blank region.

Multiple Choice

• lumbar

• umbilical

• hypogastric

• inguinal

• umbilical

The posterior portion of the knee is known as the _________blank region.

Fill in the blank

The forearm is more appropriately referred to as the _________blank region.

Fill in the blank

The urinary bladder is found within the hypogastric region of the abdomen.

True or False

True

The plantar surface refers to the sole of the foot.

True or False

True

Which of the following structures is contained within the vertebral canal?

Multiple Choice

• Brain

• Heart

• Lungs

• Spinal cord

• Spinal cord

Which of the following is not contained within the abdominal cavity?

Multiple Choice

• Stomach

• Bladder

• Spleen

• Kidneys

• Bladder

The brain and spinal cord are covered by the _________blank, composed of three membrane layers.

Fill in the blank

a

The visceral _________blank is the serous membrane covering the external surface of the lungs.

Fill in the blank

Pleural fluid surrounds the pericardial cavity.

True or False

True

In normal circumstances, if membranes of adjacent structures appear to be pressed firmly together and no actual space is observed between them, this is referred to as a _________blank space.

Multiple Choice

• visceral

• mesenter

• potential

• peritoneal

• potential

The pleural cavity is a potential space.

True or False

True

The roots of anatomical terminology lie mainly in which language(s)?

Multiple Choice

• Gaelic

• Spanish and French

• Latin and Greek

• Russian and Finnish

• Mandarin Chinese

• Latin and Greek

Non-descriptive terms for structures that are coined from the names of people are called _________blank.

Fill in the blank

eponym

The terms "crypts of Lieberkuhn" and "intestinal glands" refer to the same structures. Which one, if either, is an eponym?

Multiple Choice

• Intestinal glands

• Crypts of Lieberkuhn

• Both intestinal glands and Crypts of Lieberkuhn are eponyms.

• Neither intestinal glands nor Crypts of Lieberkuhn are eponyms.

• Crypts of Lieberkuhn

The Terminologia Anatomica rejects all eponyms and gives each structure a unique _________blank name.

Multiple Choice

• English

• Japanese

• German

• Latin

Latin

Which source is the current standard of human anatomical names?

Multiple Choice

• Encyclopedia Anatomica

• Terminologia Anatomica

• Eponymia Anatomica

• Nomina Anatomica

• Terminologia Anatomica

Most anatomical terms have Greek and Latin roots because _________blank.

Multiple Choice

• they were the most widely spoken languages across the world when anatomy began

• they were the easiest languages to understand

• scientific investigation began in Greece and Rome

• these languages had the most flexibility

• scientific investigation began in Greece and Rome

In the term hepatocyte, both hepato- and -cyte are roots.

True or False

True

If the root of a scientific term is consistent, the suffix has no effect on the final term.

True or False

False

The word acetabulum literally means “vinegar cup,” though it is the name of the hip socket. Considering this, select all that are true.

Check All That Apply

• Acetabulum is an eponym.Acetabulum is an eponym.

• Acetabulum is an acronym.Acetabulum is an acronym.

• The literal meaning of acetabulum does not lend much insight into its anatomical meaning.The literal meaning of acetabulum does not lend much insight into its anatomical meaning.

• The hip socket was named based on its appearance.

Acetabulum is an acronym.

The hip socket was named based on its appearance.

Select all the anatomical terms that are in their plural form.

Check All That Apply

• Diagnosis

• Microvilli

• Ovaries

• Phalanx

• Microvilli

• Ovaries

What is the proper plural form of epiphysis?

Multiple Choice

• Epiphices

• Epiphyses

• Epiphi

• Epiphysises

• Epiphyses

The plural of villus (hair) is _________blank, whereas the plural of diagnosis is _________blank.

Multiple Choice

• villuses; diagnosises

• villi; diagnoses

• villus; diagnosis

• villi; diagnosis

• villuses; diagnosis

• villi; diagnoses

The plural of axilla (armpit) is _________blank, whereas the plural of appendix is _________blank.

Multiple Choice

• axillae; appendices

• axillides; appendages

• axillies; appendi

• axilli; appendices

• axillae; appendices

Misspelling a single letter can result in an anatomical term that refers to a completely different structure.

True or False

True

Changing the word occipital to occipitalis transforms a bone name to a muscle name. This best demonstrates which of the following?

Multiple Choice

• The importance of precision in spelling

• How anatomical terms can originate

• A comparison of eponyms to antonyms

• The comparison of singular and plural forms of a noun

• The importance of precision in spelling

Precise spelling is important in anatomy because _________blank.

Multiple Choice

• it's important to practice language skills

• eponyms are difficult to memorize

• there are many similar terms in anatomy that refer to different structures

• it's easier to remember acronyms when spelled correctly

• there are many different ways to spell certain terms

• there are many similar terms in anatomy that refer to different structures