hemodialysis/miscellaneous questions

Question 1

When is hemodialysis required?

c. End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

Question 2

What is the preferred location for long-term hemodialysis access?

b.Nondominant upper extremity

Which access type involves a direct connection between a native artery and vein?

c. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)

The ideal artery-vein combination the first hemodialysis fistula is which of the following?

c. Radial artery and cephalic vein

Which of the following is a major advantage of an arteriovenous fistula compared to a graft?

b.Lower infection and thrombosis rates

Normal hemodynamics of a functioning hemodialysis access include:

c. High‑velocity, low‑resistance flow

What is a common complication that is unique to an arteriovenous fistula?

c. Non-maturation

Which ultrasound parameter best reflects the overall performance of a hemodialysis access?

b. Velocity ratio

Where is the most common location for stenosis in a hemodialysis access?

b.Anastomosis and venous outflow

If the dialysis access waveforms have a decreased systolic upstroke, are dampened, and have low velocities an _______ obstruction should be considered.

b. Inflow